33,320 research outputs found
Possible discovery of the r-process characteristics in the abundances of metal-rich barium stars
We study the abundance distributions of a sample of metal-rich barium stars
provided by Pereira et al. (2011) to investigate the s- and r-process
nucleosynthesis in the metal-rich environment. We compared the theoretical
results predicted by a parametric model with the observed abundances of the
metal-rich barium stars. We found that six barium stars have a significant
r-process characteristic, and we divided the barium stars into two groups: the
r-rich barium stars (, [La/Nd]\,) and normal barium stars. The
behavior of the r-rich barium stars seems more like that of the metal-poor
r-rich and CEMP-r/s stars. We suggest that the most possible formation
mechanism for these stars is the s-process pollution, although their abundance
patterns can be fitted very well when the pre-enrichment hypothesis is
included. The fact that we can not explain them well using the s-process
nucleosynthesis alone may be due to our incomplete knowledge on the production
of Nd, Eu, and other relevant elements by the s-process in metal-rich and super
metal-rich environments (see details in Pereira et al. 2011).Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Light Fan Driven by a Relativistic Laser Pulse
When a relativistic laser pulse with a high photon density interacts with a specially tailored thin foil target, a strong torque is exerted on the resulting spiral-shaped foil plasma, or “light fan.” Because of its structure, the latter can gain significant orbital angular momentum (OAM), and the opposite OAM is imparted to the reflected light, creating a twisted relativistic light pulse. Such an interaction scenario is demonstrated by particle-in-cell simulation as well as analytical modeling, and should be easily verifiable in the laboratory. As an important characteristic, the twisted relativistic light pulse has a strong torque and ultrahigh OAM density
Loschmidt echo and fidelity decay near an exceptional point
Non-Hermitian classical and open quantum systems near an exceptional point
(EP) are known to undergo strong deviations in their dynamical behavior under
small perturbations or slow cycling of parameters as compared to Hermitian
systems. Such a strong sensitivity is at the heart of many interesting
phenomena and applications, such as the asymmetric breakdown of the adiabatic
theorem, enhanced sensing, non-Hermitian dynamical quantum phase transitions
and photonic catastrophe. Like for Hermitian systems, the sensitivity to
perturbations on the dynamical evolution can be captured by Loschmidt echo and
fidelity after imperfect time reversal or quench dynamics. Here we disclose a
rather counterintuitive phenomenon in certain non-Hermitian systems near an EP,
namely the deceleration (rather than acceleration) of the fidelity decay and
improved Loschmidt echo as compared to their Hermitian counterparts, despite
large (non-perturbative) deformation of the energy spectrum introduced by the
perturbations. This behavior is illustrated by considering the fidelity decay
and Loschmidt echo for the single-particle hopping dynamics on a tight-binding
lattice under an imaginary gauge field.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Annalen der Physi
Quasi-infra-red fixed points and renormalisation group invariant trajectories for non-holomorphic soft supersymmetry breaking
In the MSSM the quasi-infra-red fixed point for the top-quark Yukawa coupling
gives rise to specific predictions for the soft-breaking parameters. We discuss
the extent to which these predictions are modified by the introduction of
additional ``non-holomorphic'' soft-breaking terms. We also show that in a
specific class of theories there exists an RG-invariant trajectory for the
``non-holomorphic'' terms, which can be understood using a holomorphic spurion
term.Comment: 24 pages, TeX, two figures. Uses Harvmac (big) and epsf. Minor errors
corrected, and the RG trajectory explained in terms of a holomorphic spurion
ter
Structure and electronic properties of the () SnAu/Au(111) surface alloy
We have investigated the atomic and electronic structure of the
() SnAu/Au(111) surface alloy. Low
energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements show
that the native herringbone reconstruction of bare Au(111) surface remains
intact after formation of a long range ordered () SnAu2/Au(111) surface alloy. Angle-resolved
photoemission and two-photon photoemission spectroscopy techniques reveal
Rashba-type spin-split bands in the occupied valence band with comparable
momentum space splitting as observed for the Au(111) surface state, but with a
hole-like parabolic dispersion. Our experimental findings are compared with
density functional theory (DFT) calculation that fully support our experimental
findings. Taking advantage of the good agreement between our DFT calculations
and the experimental results, we are able to extract that the occupied Sn-Au
hybrid band is of (s, d)-orbital character while the unoccupied Sn-Au hybrid
bands are of (p, d)-orbital character. Hence, we can conclude that the
Rashba-type spin splitting of the hole-like Sn-Au hybrid surface state is
caused by the significant mixing of Au d- to Sn s-states in conjunction with
the strong atomic spin-orbit coupling of Au, i.e., of the substrate.Comment: Copyright:
https://journals.aps.org/authors/transfer-of-copyright-agreement; All
copyrights by AP
Radial flow has little effect on clusterization at intermediate energies in the framework of the Lattice Gas Model
The Lattice Gas Model was extended to incorporate the effect of radial flow.
Contrary to popular belief, radial flow has little effect on the clusterization
process in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions except adding an ordered
motion to the particles in the fragmentation source. We compared the results
from the lattice gas model with and without radial flow to experimental data.
We found that charge yields from central collisions are not significantly
affected by inclusion of any reasonable radial flow.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRC; Minor update and resubmitted to
PR
Giant supercurrent states in a superconductor-InAs/GaSb-superconductor junction
Superconductivity in topological materials has attracted a great deal of
interest in both electron physics and material sciences since the theoretical
predictions that Majorana fermions can be realized in topological
superconductors [1-4]. Topological superconductivity could be realized in a
type II, band-inverted, InAs/GaSb quantum well if it is in proximity to a
conventional superconductor. Here we report observations of the proximity
effect induced giant supercurrent states in an InAs/GaSb bilayer system that is
sandwiched between two superconducting tantalum electrodes to form a
superconductor-InAs/GaSb-superconductor junction. Electron transport results
show that the supercurrent states can be preserved in a surprisingly large
temperature-magnetic field (T-H) parameter space. In addition, the evolution of
differential resistance in T and H reveals an interesting superconducting gap
structure
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