Gujarati Word Sense Disambiguation using Genetic Algorithm

Genetic algorithms (GAs) have widely been investigated to solve hard optimization problems, including the word sense disambiguation (WSD). This problem asks to determine which sense of a polysemous word is used in a given context. Several approaches have been investigated for WSD in English, French, German and some Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam, etc. however, research on WSD in Guajarati Language is relatively limited. In this paper, an approach for Guajarati WSD using Genetic algorithm has been proposed which uses Knowledge based approach where Indo-Aryan WordNet for Guajarati is used as lexical database for WSD

Intrinsic selection biases of ground-based gravitational wave searches for high-mass BH-BH mergers

The next generation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors may detect a few mergers of comparable-mass M\simeq 100-1000 Msun ("intermediate-mass'', or IMBH) spinning black holes. Black hole spin is known to have a significant impact on the orbit, merger signal, and post-merger ringdown of any binary with non-negligible spin. In particular, the detection volume for spinning binaries depends significantly on the component black hole spins. We provide a fit to the single-detector and isotropic-network detection volume versus (total) mass and arbitrary spin for equal-mass binaries. Our analysis assumes matched filtering to all significant available waveform power (up to l=6 available for fitting, but only l<= 4 significant) estimated by an array of 64 numerical simulations with component spins as large as S_{1,2}/M^2 <= 0.8. We provide a spin-dependent estimate of our uncertainty, up to S_{1,2}/M^2 <= 1. For the initial (advanced) LIGO detector, our fits are reliable for $M\in[100,500]M_\odot$ ($M\in[100,1600]M_\odot$). In the online version of this article, we also provide fits assuming incomplete information, such as the neglect of higher-order harmonics. We briefly discuss how a strong selection bias towards aligned spins influences the interpretation of future gravitational wave detections of IMBH-IMBH mergers.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, accepted by PRD. v2 is version accepted for publication, including minor changes in response to referee feedback and updated citation

Deep vein thrombosis risk stratification in intensive care unit patients: a pressing need

Background: Risk stratification of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to ICU and incorporating DVT risk assessment score as a regular practice were the aim of the present study.Methods: This study was carried out in 67 patients admitted in ICU &gt;18 years of age, over one year. Patients with confirmed DVT, &lt;48 hours of stay, thrombocytopenia, diagnosed coagulation disorders, those who have received DVT prophylaxis in last 1 month and those with active bleeding were excluded. It was a cross sectional observational study. A SMART assessment score and pretest probability scoring card was used. Mechanical or pharmacological prophylaxis was given to those with moderate and high risk for DVT.Results: As per SMART assessment score 4.5%, 41.8%, 6% and 23.9% had no, moderate, high and highest risk of developing DVT. As per the pretest probability scores 76%, 20.9% and 3% were in low, moderate and high-risk group. Both scoring systems are comparable (p=0.001). There was significant association between paralysis (p value was 0.003), central venous access (p value was 0.006), patient bed ridden for &gt;72 hours (p value was 0.009) and risk group.Conclusions: Prolonged bed rest, paralysis and central venous access are the most important contributing conditions for high risk of DVT. Risk stratification should be routinely performed in ICU.  SMART assessment tool and pre-test probability scores are both equally efficacious in identifying high risk patients for DVT. Both mechanical and pharmacological means of DVT prophylaxis are equally effective in preventing DVT

Gravitational waves from eccentric intermediate mass binary black hole mergers

Owing to the difficulty of direct observation, mergers of intermediate-mass black hole binaries are relatively less understood compared to stellar-mass binaries; however, the gravitational waves from their last few orbits and ringdown fall in the band of ground-based detectors. Because the typical source is expected to circularize prior to entering LIGO or VIRGO's range, inspiral searches concentrate on circularized binaries. It is possible that events will be missed if there are sources with residual eccentricity. We study the variation of the signal to noise present in the dominant mode of the eccentric evolutions as a function of mass and eccentricity and also the relative contribution of the signal in the various spherical harmonic modes. The energy radiated in gravitational waves increases with eccentricity until the eccentricity becomes too high, leading to plunging trajectories, at which point the energy radiated decreases. This enhancement of the energy for initial eccentricities near the transition value translates into larger signal-to-noise ratios. Consequently despite the anticipated loss in the signal-to-noise ratio due to the use of quasi-circular detection templates, some eccentric signals potentially may be seen farther out than others

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as anti-diabetic agents: a review

The incidence and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been increasing worldwide. However, existing therapeutic classes of anti-diabetic drugs are not adequately effective in achieving and maintaining long-term glycemic control in the most patients. The majority of the drugs control blood sugar without addressing the basic pathology of insulin resistance and relative deficiency. Moreover, side effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain, of both new and established drugs need to be considered prior to treating a patient. An emerging anti-hyperglycemic intervention, the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor acts by a novel mechanism. Under physiological conditions, SGLT2 accounts for 90% of the glucose re-absorption in the kidney, while the SGLT2 inhibitors result in an increase in urinary excretion of glucose and lower plasma glucose levels. Here, the pros and cons of SGLT2 inhibitors are considered, while approaching a patient with T2DM. The basic biochemistry and physiology underlying the mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors are discussed alongside its clinical pharmacology, with a focus on metabolic changes associated with urinary glucose loss. Finally, a consideration of Food and Drug Administration safety concerns associated with acidosis due to SGLT2 inhibitor usage is presented, to allow a complete understanding of the utility of these molecules in the light of existing T2DM therapies

Pharmaceutical Standardization of Saptamrita Lauha

Shalakya Tantra is a one of the branch of Ashtanga Ayurveda and Netra Chikitsa is a part of Shalakya Tantra. There are so many formulations are mentioned in the treatment of Netra Roga by oral route as well as external application, Saptamrita Lauha is one of them. It is a very popular, very safe and effective formulation for eye diseases. In Ayurveda classics there are so many references are available for Saptamrita Lauha. These formulation are mainly described in Netra Roga and Shoola Roga in almost all the books. In majority references Saptamrita Lauha powder is taken with Anupana or Sahapana of honey and ghee. Sundar Ayurveda Teaching Pharmacy is also manufacturing many batches of Saptamrita Lauha with the reference from Bheshaja Samhita, chapter 4/54, Loha and Mandura Kalpana and follow the in house quality control parameters to standardized the medicine in large scale production. The particle size of Saptamrita Lauha is 3.2 µm to 3.8 µm, pH from 6.0 to 6.9, loss on drying from 1.2 % to 1.8%, ash value 16.2 %w/w to 24.5 %w/w, acid insoluble ash value from 2.6 %w/w to3.6 %w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value from 42.9% v/w to 47.7 %v/w, water soluble extractive value from 21.1 % to 26.8%. Phyto-chemical screening of Saptamrita Lauha shows Glycoside, Amino acid, Protein, Carbohydrate, Flavanoid, Tannin, Steroid, Saponin and Alkaloid were present in all batches. On the basis of this study it’s clear that, if we follow the same procedure with authentic drugs then large scale production also having Quality assurance

Literature Review of Permanent Magnet AC Motors and Drive for Automotive Application

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM's) are used in many applications that require rapid torque response and high – performance operation. New developed materials such as magnetic materials, conducting materials and insulating materials as well as several new applications have greatly contributed to development of small and special purpose machines. Using such materials the size of the motor would considerably reduce and high performance motors can be built. Due to several new applications these motors are quite popular &amp;use in a developing country such as India for Automotive application. In a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the dc field winding of the rotor is replaced by a permanent magnet. The advantages are elimination of field copper loss, higher power density, lower rotor inertia and more robust construction of the rotor. The demerits are loss of flexibility of field flux control and possible demagnetization effect. The PMSM has higher efficiency than an induction motor, but generally its cost is higher, which makes the life cycle cost of the drive somewhat lower. PMSM particularly at low power range are widely used in industry. Recently, the interest in their application is growing, particularly up to 100 KW, only reluctance motor are simpler in construction and in assembly procedure then PMSM, but reluctance motor generally developed less torque per unit of current and per unit of weight. Therefore, on a basis of power output per unit weight (and general, per unit volume) the PMSM is superior to all other brushless synchronous motor especially with the commercial feasibility of rare earth magnets. Section 1. describes the introduction section 2.describes Classification of permanent magnet AC motor section 3. describes the conclusion

A Critical review about Haratala (Orpiment)

Haratala (Arsenic trisulphide) is an inorganic compound with the formula As2S3. The Haratala is used without proper purification the toxic effects are Daha (burning sensation), Kampaka (tremors), Toda (pricking pain), Kshobha, Pida, Raktadusti (vitiates blood), Kushta (skin disease), Malinikaroti Gatram, Vata Kapha Prakopatamaka Roga, Mrtyusankakara. Coarse powdered material is less toxic because it can be eliminated in faeces before it dissolves, experimental evidence has shown a high degree of gastro-intestinal absorption of both trivalent and pentavalent forms of arsenic. Arsenic is eliminated by many routes (faeces, urine, sweat, hair, skin, lungs) although most is excreted in urine of man