ЭКОЛОГО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ ОПИСТОРХИД В УСЛОВИЯХ ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Objective of research: a study on the ecological and biological features of circulation of opisthorchiasis in conditions of Upper Don river (Voronezh region) based on retrospective and modern original materials. Materials and methods: wild carnivores (fox, stone marten, pine marten, American mink), and domestic carnivores (dog and cat) were examined by the method of full helminthological autopsy. Cyprinid fish have been investigated by compression method. The number of Opisthorchis metacercaria in fish muscles were calculated to determine the number values. Taxonomic studies were carried out using the field guides. Processing of whole-mount and terminal preparations from larval and adult trematodes was conducted by standard and laboratory-developed methods. The index of abundance, intensity and extensity of infection were used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of infestation and the prevalence of larval and adult opisthorchids in hosts. Results and discussion: 4 types of opisthorchids were registered in Voronezh region: Opisthorchis felineus, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Metorchis bilis and M. xanthosomus. It was determined that first of all the opisthorchiasis foci occur at small rivers. Opisthorchis marites were found in 5 types of mammals in natural ecosystems of Voronezh region. Domestic cats play a key role in circulation of opisthorchiasis in anthropogenic ecosystems of Voronezh region. The evaluation of infestation of cyprinid fish with Opisthorchis metacercariae was presented. It was found that with respect to invasion and accumulation of Opisthorchis metacercariae there are 3 dominant types of cyprinid fish: roach, redfin and bleak leading.Цель исследования – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей циркуляции описторхоза в условиях бассейна Верхнего Дона (Воронежская область) на основе ретроспективных и современных оригинальных материалов. Материалы и методы. Методом полного гельминтологического вскрытия исследованы хищные млекопитающие – лисица, куница каменная, куница лесная, норка американская и домашние плотоядные – собака и кошка. Рыбу карповых пород исследовали компрессорным методом. Для определения показателей численности подсчитывали число метацеркарий описторхид в мышцах рыб. Таксономические исследования проводили по определителям. Изготовление тотальных и временных препаратов из личинок и взрослых форм трематод проводили по разработанным и общепринятым методикам. Для оценки качественных и количественных показателей зараженности и распределения личинок и взрослых форм описторхид в хозяевах использовали индекс обилия, интенсивность и экстенсивность инвазии. Результаты и обсуждение. На территории Воронежской области зарегистрировано 4 вида описторхид: Opisthorchis felineus, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Metorchis bilis и M. xanthosomus. Показано, что очаги описторхидозов в условиях исследуемой территории приурочены в первую очередь к малым рекам. Мариты описторхид в природных экосистемах Воронежской области зарегистрированы у 5 видов млекопитающих. В антропогенных экосистемах Воронежской области ведущую роль в циркуляции описторхидозов играет домашняя кошка. Проведена оценка зараженности карповых рыб метацеркариями описторхид. Показано, что доминантами с точки зрения зараженности и накопления метацеркарий описторхид являются 3 вида карповых рыб: плотва, красноперка и уклейка

Forming and development of law-making principles system and its meaning for legal enforcement of suitable legal regulation model

There is a law-making principles system worked out in the paper. It plays the great role in creation or choice of legal regulation model. When elaborating the latter, the deep interaction between law-making and law principles takes place. The deeper interaction is put by a legislator into model background the better public regulation is carried ou

Исследование влияния радиоактивных аэрозолей, связанных с Чернобыльской аварией, на заболеваемость раком легких у жителей Воронежской области

The effects of Chernobyl accident and nucleids inhalation on lung cancer morbidity in Voronezh region were investigated in areas contaminated after the accident compared to clean ones. The complex appoach was used including the lung cancer epidemiologyc study in Voronezh region, lung gamma-spectrometria and the investigation of lymphocytes chromosome abberations as a biological marker of ionising radiation effects in lung cancer patients. The increased lung cancer morbidity was revealed in areas of Voronezh region which had contaminated as a result of Chernobyl_accident.The 137Cs content in lung tissue over 8 years after the accident was 1.2x10-11 Cu/kg; it did not exceed the background value and did not differ in patients living in clean and contaminated areas. The number of chromosome abberations in lung tumours patients who live in contaminated parts of Voronezh region was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in those living in clean areas — 7.2% and 4.3% correspondingly. This fact confirms the effect of Chernobyl radiation in the first patients group. The lung tumours patients have less stable genotype compared to whole population that could explain their predisposition to oncologic diseases under carcinogenic factors influence.Исследовались влияние аварии на ЧАЭС и связанное с этим ингаляционное поступление радионуклидов на заболеваемость раком легких в Воронежской области, в районах, загрязненных после аварии, по сравнению с непострадавшими районами. Был использован комплексный подход, включавший изучение эпидемиологии рака легких в Воронежской области, гамма-спектрометрию легочной ткани и изучение хромосомных аббераций лимфоцитов как биологического маркера действия ионизирующего излучения у больных раком легких. Установлено увеличение заболеваемости раком легких в пострадавших после аварии на ЧАЭС районах Воронежской области.Содержание 137Сз в легочной ткани спустя 8 лет после аварии составило 1,2x10-11 Ки/кг, что не превышало фоновых значений и не различалось у пациентов из чистых и загрязненных районов. Количество хромосомных аббераций у пациентов с опухолями легких -- жителей пострадавших районов Воронежской области — было достоверно выше (р<0,05), чем у пациентов из чистых районов — 7,2% и 4,3% соответственно, что подтверждает действие Чернобыльского радиационного фактора в первом случае. У пациентов с опухолями легких отмечается большая нестабильность генотипа, чем в популяции, что обусловливает их предрасположенность к этому заболеванию при действии канцерогенных факторов

ГЕЛЬМИНТЫ ДИКИХ ПЛОТОЯДНЫХ ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: ЭКОЛОГО-ФАУНИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ

Fauna of helminthes of wild carnivorous in Voronezh region is presented by 33 species, including 6 species - Trematoda, 9 - Cestoda, 17 - Nematoda. The highest rates of specific variety of helminths are noted at fox - 24 species. Two species of cestodes - Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia krabbei and five species of nematodes - Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Ascaris columnaris, Stron- gyloides martis and Eucoleus paranalis are registered in Voronezh region for the first timeСовременная гельминтофауна диких плотоядных на территории Воронежской области представлена 33 видами паразитических червей, в т. ч. 6 видов - трематоды, 9 - цестоды, 17 - нематоды. Наиболее вы- сокие показатели видового разнообразия гельминтов отмечены у лисицы - 24 вида. Впервые на исследуемой территории зарегистрированы два вида цестод - Echinococcusmultilocularis и Taenia krabbei и пять ви- дов нематод - Dirofilariaimmitis, D. repens, Ascariscolumnaris, Strongyloides martis и Eucoleus paranali

Introduction to a Culturally Sensitive Measure of Well-Being: Combining Life Satisfaction and Interdependent Happiness Across 49 Different Cultures

How can one conclude that well-being is higher in country A than country B, when well-being is being measured according to the way people in country A think about well-being? We address this issue by proposing a new culturally sensitive method to comparing societal levels of well-being. We support our reasoning with data on life satisfaction and interdependent happiness focusing on individual and family, collected mostly from students, across forty-nine countries. We demonstrate that the relative idealization of the two types of well-being varies across cultural contexts and are associated with culturally different models of selfhood. Furthermore, we show that rankings of societal well-being based on life satisfaction tend to underestimate the contribution from interdependent happiness. We introduce a new culturally sensitive method for calculating societal well-being, and examine its construct validity by testing for associations with the experience of emotions and with individualism-collectivism. This new culturally sensitive approach represents a slight, yet important improvement in measuring well-being

Exchange Reactions between Alkanethiolates and Alkaneselenols on Au{111}

When alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on Au{111} are exchanged with alkaneselenols from solution, replacement of thiolates by selenols is rapid and complete, and is well described by perimeter-dependent island growth kinetics. The monolayer structures change as selenolate coverage increases, from being epitaxial and consistent with the initial thiolate structure to being characteristic of selenolate monolayer structures. At room temperature and at positive sample bias in scanning tunneling microscopy, the selenolate-gold attachment is labile, and molecules exchange positions with neighboring thiolates. The scanning tunneling microscope probe can be used to induce these place-exchange reactions

ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CIRCULATION OF OPISTHORCHIDS UNDER CONDITIONS OF VORONEZH REGION

Objective of research: a study on the ecological and biological features of circulation of opisthorchiasis in conditions of Upper Don river (Voronezh region) based on retrospective and modern original materials. Materials and methods: wild carnivores (fox, stone marten, pine marten, American mink), and domestic carnivores (dog and cat) were examined by the method of full helminthological autopsy. Cyprinid fish have been investigated by compression method. The number of Opisthorchis metacercaria in fish muscles were calculated to determine the number values. Taxonomic studies were carried out using the field guides. Processing of whole-mount and terminal preparations from larval and adult trematodes was conducted by standard and laboratory-developed methods. The index of abundance, intensity and extensity of infection were used to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of infestation and the prevalence of larval and adult opisthorchids in hosts. Results and discussion: 4 types of opisthorchids were registered in Voronezh region: Opisthorchis felineus, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Metorchis bilis and M. xanthosomus. It was determined that first of all the opisthorchiasis foci occur at small rivers. Opisthorchis marites were found in 5 types of mammals in natural ecosystems of Voronezh region. Domestic cats play a key role in circulation of opisthorchiasis in anthropogenic ecosystems of Voronezh region. The evaluation of infestation of cyprinid fish with Opisthorchis metacercariae was presented. It was found that with respect to invasion and accumulation of Opisthorchis metacercariae there are 3 dominant types of cyprinid fish: roach, redfin and bleak leading

Helminths of wild carnivorous in Voronezh region: ecologo-faunistic analysis

Fauna of helminthes of wild carnivorous in Voronezh region is presented by 33 species, including 6 species - Trematoda, 9 - Cestoda, 17 - Nematoda. The highest rates of specific variety of helminths are noted at fox - 24 species. Two species of cestodes - Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia krabbei and five species of nematodes - Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Ascaris columnaris, Stron- gyloides martis and Eucoleus paranalis are registered in Voronezh region for the first tim