The EU accession process influence on creation of environmental policy in Serbia

Основу предмета дисертације представља анализа креирања еколошке политике у Србији под утицајем Европске уније, односно сложеног и захтевног процеса приступања ЕУ у коме се Србија налази. Процес приступања Европској унији недвосмислено утиче на јавне политике, како у државама које имају статус кандидата, тако и у онима које се налазе степеницу испод у чекаоници за чланство у европском клубу (државе потенцијални кандидати). Крај Хладног рата и пад берлинског зида, означили су почетак новог периода у развоју Европске уније. Од тог тренутка, проширење, које је до тада било спорадичан догађај, почиње да представља важан и континуиран политички процес који је у годинама које следе довео до удвостручења броја чланица ЕУ. Један од концепата који служи као помоћно средство у објашњавању домаћих промена које се током процеса приступања дешавају у државама кандидатима јесте концепт европеизације. Државе кандидати и потенцијални кандидати немају могућност коју имају државе чланице да утичу на формулисање јавних политика, већ се њихова улога испољава кроз преузимање заједничких тековина – acquis communautaire и његову примену у националном законодавству. Често се дешава да преузимање acquis-а не прати и адекватна примена европских политика што ствара значајне потешкоће у процесу усклађивања јавних политика. Европеизација јавних политика сусреће се у пракси са вишеструком хетерогеношћу с обзиром да европске јавне политике често нису у складу са домаћим структурама у државама које се налазе у процесу приступања. Она је успешнија уколико су европске јавне политике компатибилне са социјалним, политичким, економским, културним и историјским условима у земљама које поменуте јавне политике преузимају. У супротном, теже ће се остварити институционалне адаптације и промене домаће политике. Прилагођавање националних јавних политика европским, схвата се као прилагођавање институционалних оквира у најширем смислу (правила, процедуре, норме), на различитим нивоима власти а паралелно са тим дешавају се промене у дискурсу, које утичу на стил и начин креирања јавних политика. У уводном делу дисертације најпре се приступа теоријско-епистемолошком одређењу појма јавне политике а затим се врши разграничење са неким сродним феноменима као што су политика, влада, процес одлучивања. Након тога, представљају се актери јавне политике, како формални тако и неформални. Разматрају се и врсте и инструменти јавних политика, а завршни део првог поглавља посвећен је процесу примене јавних политика. V У следећем поглављу анализирају се теоријски приступи проучавању јавних политика Европске уније: управљање на више нивоа (multi-level governance) и приступ компаративне политике. Потом следи проучавања актера јавних политика у ЕУ, а на то се надовезује истраживање институционалне архитектуре ЕУ и процеса доношења одлука. Наредно поглавље обухвата историјски преглед настанка и развоја европске еколошке политике која данас представља једну од најобимнијих и најуспешнијих јавних политика. Централни део другог поглавља посматра процес креирања европске еколошке политике, актере, инструменте и њену имплементацију. У петом поглављу нагласак је на процесу европеизације у коме учествују две врсте актера – ЕУ и националне државе. Посебна пажња усмерава се на европеизацијu јавних политика, како у државама чланицама тако и у државама кандидатима и потенцијалним кандидатима. Стога логички следи да се један део поглавља бави процесом приступања као једним од важних елемената политике проширења. Следеће поглавље анализира настанак и еволуцију еколошке политике у Србији. Кроз поглавље се истражују актери, процес креирања еколошке политике у Србији, заједно са инструментима. Завршни део поглавља, одговара на питање колико су правила у домену екологије у Србији усклађена са европском еколошком политиком. Претпоследње поглавље бави се повезаношћу еколошке и енергетске политике, при чему се даје пример енергетске политика ЕУ, представљају се њени актери, процес креирања и инструменти, као и степен усклађености правила у домену енергетике у Србији у односу на европску енергетску политику. Завршно поглавље анализира како је процес приступања ЕУ утицао на креирање еколошке политике на примеру искустава држава централне и источне Европе. Ово поглавље садржи и препоруке за потенцијално унапређење еколошке политике у Србији. На самом крају дисертације у закључним разматрањима даје се синтеза стања еколошке политике у Србији, односно нуде се одговори на питање да ли је она и у коликој мери европеизованаThe subject of this dissertation is to analyze the creation of environmental policy in Serbia under the influence of the complex and demanding EU accession process. The EU accession process undoubtedly affect public policy, both in the EU candidate countries, as well as potential candidates. The end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall marked the beginning of new period in the development of the European Union. From that point, the EU enlargement became an important and ongoing political process that led to the doubling of the number of EU Member States in the following years. Europeanisation is auxiliary concepts that is used for explaining the local changes that occur during the EU accession process in the candidate countries. Candidate countries and potential candidates have no possibility to influence the formulation of public policies but their role is expressed through overtaking the acquis communautaire and its implementation in national legislation. Often the transposition of EU acquis is not accompanied by adequate implementation of European public policies which creates significant difficulties in the harmonization process. Europeanisation of public policies faces multiple heterogeneity having in mind that european public policies usually are not in accordance with domestic structures in the EU accession countries. Europeanisation is more successful if european public policies are compatible with social, political, economic, cultural and historical conditions in the countries that download public policies. Otherwise, it will be harder to achieve institutional adaptation and change in domestic policy. Harmonization of national public policies is interpreted broadly as adaptation of institutional frameworks (rules, procedures, standards) at various levels of government, together with changes that occur in the discourse, which influence the style and manner of creating the public policy. Introductory part of the thesis begins with the theoretical and epistemological approach to the definition of the concept of public policy pointing out clear demarcation with some related phenomena such as politics, governmental decision-making. After that, the public policy actors, both formal and informal, are being analyzed. Also, this chapter disscuss the types and instruments of public policy, and the final part is related to the implementation process. The next chapter analyzes the theoretical s to the study of EU public policies: multi-level governance and comparative politics approache. This section is followed by the study of EU public policy actors, and their role in the EU institutional architecture and decision making process. VII The following section includes historical overview of the origins and development of EU environmental policy, one of the most comprehensive and successful EU public policies. The central part of the chapter analyzes the process of creating the EU environmental policy, its actors, instruments and implementation. In the fifth chapter, the emphasis is on the Europeanisation process which involves two types of actors - the EU and the national state. Special attention must be paid to the Europeanisation of the public policies, both in the Member States and the candidate countries and potential candidates. Therefore, logically continues the part dealing with the EU accession process as one of the important elements of the EU enlargement policy. The next chapter analyzes the origins and evolution of environmental policy in Serbia. Throughout the chapter we explore the actors, the process of creating environmental policy in Serbia, together with instruments. The final part answers the question to what extent environmental rules in Serbia are harmonized with EU environmental policy. Seventh chapter relates connection of environmental and energy policy presenting the example of EU energy policy, its stakeholders, the formulation process and instruments, as well as the degree of harmonization of the rules in the field of energy in Serbia with European energy policy. The final chapter analyzes the EU accession process influence on the environmental policy creation in the case of the Central and Eastern Europe. This section contains recommendations for potential improvement of environmental policy in Serbia. At the end of the dissertation there are concluding observations concerning actual environmental policy in Serbia and answers the question of whether and to what extent it is europeanised so fa

Pretkoncentracija mikroelemenata iz vode koristeći 4-morfolin ditiokarbamat

The optimum conditions were found for the preconcentration of trace metals in natural waters and model samples with standard metals concentrations by using 4-morpholine dithiocarbamate. The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform. Different methods for recovering the metals from the organic solvent were studied and compared before AAS metal analysis. The developed preconcentration method was successfully applied to the determination of trace metals concentrations in water samples from the "Barje" lake (Leskovac. Yugoslavia).Nađeni su optimalni uslovi za pretkoncentraciju mikroelemenata iz vode koristeći 4-morfolin ditiokarbamat kao kompleksirajući agens. Nagrađeni kompleksi su ekstrahovani hloroformom. Upoređeni su različiti načini ekstrakcije metalnih jona iz organskog rastvarača pre analize atomskom apsorpcionom spektrofotometrijom. Razvijena metoda za pretkoncentraciju uspešno je primenjena za analizu uzoraka vode jezera Barje (Leskovac Jugoslavija)

238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K distribution with soil depth in agricultural soil rigosol type and its relation with main soil properties

Distributions of natural gamma emitting radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined in two soil profiles rigosol type under the peach-tree field: one from and second out of the peach-tree root zone. Radioisotope activities (Bq/kg) lie in the range of normal terrestrial gamma-radiation in soil [1]. It is found that variation in natural radionuclides activities along a soil depth of 0-80 cm is due to differences in main soil properties: pH-reaction, carbonates, humus, clay and sand contents confirmed by high correlation between them.Physical chemistry 2008 : 9th international conference on fundamental and applied aspects of physical chemistry; Belgrade (Serbia); 24-28 September 200

A milestone in the era of esports: The Olympics through the lens of virtual reality

Whether the International Olympic Committee (IOC) ever includes electronic sports (esports) in the official program of the Olympic Games, the popularity of competitive gaming continues to grow—sports present a modern audience powerhouse the world cannot fail to notice. By the end of 2025, the number of viewers in esports is expected to reach 640.8 million and revenue growth of 1,866.2 billion U.S. dollars (Gough, 2022). Over 170 colleges in the United States have established varsity esports teams and offer esports players' educational opportunities, including partial or full scholarships (Lyman, 2022). Esports has also found its place in schools, largely influencing the youth (Rothwell and Shaffer, 2019). Additionally, numerous NBA teams have entered the esports race, and even Usain Bolt owns an esports team (Gardner, 2022), perhaps better illustrating esports' global prevalence. In 2021, the IOC took a step closer to the digital world, creating the Olympic Virtual Series (OVS). The main objective was to promote the development of virtual sports games and engage with the gaming communities worldwide. The OVS consisted of five different games: baseball (Powerful Pro Baseball 2020), cycling (Zwift), rowing (World rowing, using a rowing machine), sailing (Virtual Regatta), and motor racing (Gran Turismo). The IOC fused traditional elements of sport physicality and video games to uniquely incorporate physical activity (PA) to new audiences, connecting “e” and sports through the Olympic Movement (Palaar, 2021). Opposingly, the 2022 Asian Games (postponed to 2023 due to COVID-19) in Hangzhou will be the first official continental competition to include eight esports games played on computers, consoles, and even smartphone devices (Daniels, 2021). While these actions by the IOC certainly took cognizance of esports and presented it to a world audience, none of the included games utilized virtual reality (VR) technology. Compared to the vast library of traditional esports games (e.g., Dota 2, League of Legends, Apex, CS:GO), VR games have a small selection of titles—which has affected the global VR prevalence in the gaming world. However, an excellent example is the VR game Onward, which (according to players) brought new features and a higher skill ceiling than traditional games, in addition to the physical embodiment and “immersiveness” for players (Turkay et al., 2021). VR is defined as an immersive and multisensory experience for the user, with the support of multimedia components such as VR headset and body tracking sensors (Gigante, 1993). As opposed to the 360° VR, which relies on the video recorded by the actual camera and then implemented into the system—this gives users a more realistic view and experience. However, both rely on the physical headset device with or without motion controllers. VR and the gaming industry joint became more evident as VR became a globally more available technology (e.g., Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, PlayStation) on the market. While the VR player base is not as big as Dota 2 or CS:GO, VR esports have a promising future with exponential growth, forecasted to reach 2.4 billion U.S dollars by 2024 (Clement, 2022). Besides games, VR technology has wide application in the rehabilitation of specific populations, psychology, psychiatry, education, and even sports performance (Lange et al., 2010; Salem and Elokda, 2014; Izard et al., 2018; Michalski et al., 2019; Park et al., 2019; Kaplan et al., 2021; Lee et al., 2021)

Natural and artificial (90Sr) radionuclides in some carbonated mineral waters used in Serbia

A radiological characterization of 7 different carbonated mineral water samples collected in the local supermarkets in the area of Belgrade (produced in Serbia) was carried out. Analysis included determination of gross alpha and gross beta activities. The obtained results showed that the natural activity concentrations of alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in carbonated mineral water samples were within World Health Organization recommended levels, except for the Heba Strong and Kiseljak samples where the beta activity exceeds 1 Bq/L. For these two water samples gamma spectrometry analysis was performed as well as determination of 90Sr by oxalic method. The instrumentation used to count the gross alpha and gross beta activities, as well as for 90Sr, was a/b low level proportional counter Thermo Eberline FHT 770 T. Gamma spectrometric measurements were performed using a HPGe Canberra detector with a counting efficiency of 20%. The annual effective dose equivalent due to ingestion of investigated waters was calculated for age group >17, and obtained values are lower than 0.1 mSv recommended reference level. Finally, a comparison of the investigated waters with worldwide data was made. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III43009

Antioxidant Enzymes in Blood of Women With Uterine Hyperplasia

The literature emphasizes the involvement of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of many uterine diseases. Antioxidant system (AOS) represents the protective mechanism used by cells to neutralize overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent oxidative stress. We have previously shown that in gynecological patients with various diagnoses, the reproductive and other factors may be associated with antioxidant capacity and the ability to defend against oxidative damage. In this study, we examined the changes in expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE): superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the blood of women with endometrial hyperplasia. Our results indicate that hyperplasia induces perturbance in oxidative balance, particularly in glutathione redox cycle enzymes

Self-diffusion of Cd++ Ions in Hydrated CdX Zeolite

The fractional attainment of the isotopic equilibrium between a Cd(N03)2 solution and a 115Cd-labelled CdX zeolite has been measured as a function of time, particle size of zeolite and temperature. The experimental kinetic data have been interpreted in terms of the Brown-Sherry-Krambeck model and the self-diffusivities and diffusional activation parameters of Cd++ ions in zeolite CdX have been calculated

The Impact of One Heat Treated Contact Element on the Coefficient of Static Friction

The subject of the paper includes theoretical considerations, the conducting of experimental tests, and the analysis of exposed test results related to determination of the coefficient of static friction of previously heat-treated contact pairs. One contact element is previously, before the procedure of determining the coefficient of static friction, heated at temperatures in the range of ambient temperature to 280°C and then cooled down to ambient temperature. The results of experimental tests of five different materials show that depending on the heat treatment of one contact element, there is a significant decrease in the coefficient of static friction. The authors of the paper consider that the reasons for the decreasing coefficient of static friction are related to oxide formation and changes in the surface layer of the contact element which is previously heat-treated

Accidental gold-drug poisoning — oral manifestations

Opisuje se slučaj trovanja preparatom zlata bolesnika s reumatoidnim artritisom. Ukazuje se na oralna oštećenja i promene pri trovanju preparatom zlata Solganal B, oleosum. Akcentira se tok trovanja, subjektivne tegobe i klinička slika. Karakteristične su: — Intenzivne primarno bulozno-vezikulozne, sekundarno erozivne promene lokalizovane na pokretnoj sluzokoži oralne duplje i usana. — Hipertrofična gingivna sluzoikoža s ulceronekroznim promenama na interdentalnim papilama. — Izražen ptijalizmus. Učinjen je pokušaj da se ukaže na momente koji diferenciraju trovanje zlatom od ostalih akcidentalnih trovanja.The author describe a case of gold >poiisoning of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The oral manifestations of poisoning with gold-drug Solganal B, oleosum are shown. The course of poisoning, symptoms and clinical findings are described. The characteristic clinical findings are: primary severe vesicobullous lesions, secondary erosions localised on mobile mucosa of oral cavity and lips; hyperplastic gingivae with ulcerative and necrotizing lesions on interdental papillae; intensive ptyalism. This study was an attempt to show the differences between the gold-poisoning and other accidental poisonings

Effects of acute stress on gene expression of splenic catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in chronically stressed rats

The aim of this study was to examine how acute immobilization stress affects the concentrations of catecholamines in the plasma and the expression of the splenic catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-Я-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in chronically socially isolated rats. We found that acute immobilization increases the plasma catecholamine levels and splenic PNMT protein levels in chronically socially isolated rats. These results show that acute stress of chronically stressed animals activates the sympatho-adrenomedullary system and increases synthesis of splenic PNMT by 37%, both of which can modulate the immune function. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 41027, br. III 41022 and br. ON 173044