Spanish version of the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI): Psychometric properties in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Intellectual Disability (ID). A total of 121 adults with ASD and ID were recruited and informant ratings on the ADEXI were collected to investigate the factor structure, as well as reliability and validity. The results showed that we could replicate the two-factor structure (i.e., working memory and inhibition) that had been found in a previous study of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The two ADEXI subscales were shown to have high internal consistency and significant associations were found between the ADEXI and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), another executive function rating instrument. Conclusively, the ADEXI appear to be a valid instrument for assessing executive function deficits in adults with ASD and ID. Keywords: Executive deficits; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Intellectual Disability; assessment; psychometric properties. Versión en español del Inventario de Funcionamiento Ejecutivo para Adultos (ADEXI): propiedades psicométricas en adultos con trastornos del espectro del autismo y discapacidad intelectual Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Inventario de Funcionamiento Ejecutivo para Adultos (ADEXI) en personas adultas con Trastornos del Espectro del Autismo (TEA) y Discapacidad Intelectual (DI). Se reclutó un total de 121 personas con TEA y DI y se recopilaron los resultados obtenidos en el ADEXI para investigar la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad y validez. Los resultados obtenidos replican los hallazgos en cuanto a estructura de dos factores (es decir, memoria de trabajo e inhibición) de un estudio previo con una población de adultos con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Se demostró que las dos subescalas del ADEXI tienen una alta consistencia interna y se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el ADEXI y el Cuestionario Disejecutivo (DEX), otro instrumento de evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas. En conclusión, el ADEXI parece ser un instrumento válido para evaluar la disfunción ejecutiva en adultos con TEA y DI

Fiabilidad y validez de la versión española del "Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory" (CHEXI)

Background: The Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) was designed to identify EF deficits in daily life contexts. The aim of the present study was to validate the Spanish version of the CHEXI in 4-5-year-old children. Method: Parents’ ratings of the CHEXI and laboratory tests of EF were investigated in two large samples of 445 children aged 4 years (196 girls, 249 boys) and 459 children aged 5 years (208 girls, 251 boys). CHEXI ratings were collected again after one-year. Results: The two-factor structure of the CHEXI (i.e., Working Memory and Inhibition) was replicated, showing high internal consistency and temporal stability. The 4-year-olds were reported to have higher EF deficits than 5-year-olds have. Boys were rated as having higher EF deficits than girls were. However, gender differences were not significant contrasting performance on EF tasks. Finally, associations between CHEXI ratings and EF tests were weak, suggesting that EF tests and EF ratings capture different aspects of EF. Conclusions: The Spanish CHEXI provides a suitable instrument to assess EF in 4-5-year-old children.Contexto: El Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) se diseñó para detectar déficit de Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) en contextos de la vida diaria. El propósito del presente estudio era validar la versión española del CHEXI para niños de 4 y 5 años. Método: Se obtuvieron las valoraciones de los padres y las puntuaciones en test de laboratorio en una muestra de 445 niños de 4 años (196 niñas, 249niños) y otra de 459 niños de 5 años (208 niñas, 251 niños). Un año más tarde se volvieron a recoger las valoraciones de los padres en CHEXI. Resultados: Se replicó la estructura de dos factores de CHEXI (Memoria de Trabajo e Inhibición), obteniendo una alta consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal. Los niños de 4 años eran valorados con mayor déficit en FE que los niños de 5 años. Los niños alcanzaban puntuaciones más elevadas de déficit de FE. Sin embargo, no aparecieron diferencias significativas de género en las pruebas conductuales. Finalmente, se encontró una baja asociación entre las valoraciones de CHEXI y las puntuaciones de las pruebas conductuales. Este resultado sugiere que los inventarios y las medidas conductuales evalúan diferentes aspectos de las FE. Conclusiones: La versión española de CHEXI ofrece un instrumento válido para evaluar las FE en niños de 4 y 5 años

Capacidad predictiva de los niveles de funcionamiento ejecutivo sobre las habilidades matemáticas básicas.

RESUMEN: En el presente estudio se investiga la capacidad predictiva de las puntuaciones de funcionamiento ejecutivo de niños preescolares obtenidas a la edad de 4 años, sobre las habilidades matemáticas básicas evaluadas 12 meses después. Inicialmente, las puntuaciones de funcionamiento ejecutivo fueron obtenidas a través del Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). Doce meses después se obtuvieron los datos correspondientes a las tareas de comparación numérica básica y conceptos matemáticos básicos, así como los relacionados con el control inhibitorio (tipo go/nogo) y la memoria operativa (Children Size Ordering Task). Los resultados indican que la memoria operativa está implicada en las habilidades matemáticas. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre CSOT y los tests de habilidades matemáticas. Además, la subescala de memoria operativa del CHEXI a los 4 años predice significativamente los resultados en habilidades matemáticas 12 meses después. Estos resultados son discutidos en términos de la validez de constructo de constructo de los cuestionarios de valoración del funcionamiento ejecutivo, de su estabilidad y valor predictivoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST): Long-Term Single-Center Experience

CVST is a rare location of thrombosis involving Dural/ cerebral venous sinuses. It affects around 5-10 people per million population annually. It is an uncommon but life-threatening form of stroke affecting younger individuals. Therefore, identifying and treating in a timely manner is critical. Rarer thrombotic disorders like paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) or Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) can rarely present with CVST. It can also present during pregnancy for the first time. Diagnosis is often established by Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Infections, certain medication use (asparaginase or birth control pills) could lead to CVST. Patients often present with headaches, seizures or neurological deficits. Management is often with systemic anticoagulation despite intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Reducing intracranial pressure by invasive approaches is sometimes needed.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/surp2022/1024/thumbnail.jp

The value of “diaphragmatic relaxing incision” for the durability of the crural repair in patients with paraesophageal hernia: a double blind randomized clinical trial

BackgroundSurgical repair of paraesophageal hernias (PEHs) is burdened with high recurrence rates, and hitherto various techniques explored to enforce the traditional crural repair have not been successful. The hiatal reconstruction in PEH is exposed to significant tension, which may be minimized by adding a diaphragmatic relaxing incision to enhance the durability of the crural repair.Patients and methodsAll individuals undergoing elective laparoscopic repair of a large PEH, irrespective of age, were considered eligible. PEHs were classified into types II–IV. The preoperative work-up program included multidetector computed tomography and symptom assessment questionnaires, which will be repeated during the postoperative follow-up. Patients were randomly divided into a control group with crural repair alone and an intervention group with the addition of a left-sided diaphragmatic relaxing incision at the edge of the upper pole of the spleen. The diaphragmatic defect was then covered by a synthetic mesh.ResultsThe primary endpoint of this trial was the rate of anatomical PEH recurrence at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysphagia, odynophagia, gas bloat, regurgitation, chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, postprandial pain, cardiovascular and pulmonary symptoms, and patient satisfaction in the immediate postoperative course (3 months) and at 1 year. Postoperative complications, morbidity, and disease burden were recorded for each patient. This was a double-blind study, meaning that the operation report was filed in a locked archive to keep the patient, staff, and clinical assessors blinded to the study group allocation. Blinding must not be broken during the follow-up unless required by any emergencies in the clinical management of the patient. Likewise, the patients must not be informed about the details of the operation.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identification number NCT04179578

Acinetobacter portensis sp. nov. and Acinetobacter guerrae sp. nov., isolated from raw meat

The taxonomic status of six strains of Acinetobacter obtained from meat samples, collected from supermarkets in Porto, Portugal, was investigated using polyphasic analysis. Partial rpoB sequence similarities lower than 95 % to other Acinetobacter species with validly published names led to the hypothesis that these strains represented novel species. This was confirmed based on comparative multilocus sequence analysis, which included the gyrB, recA and 16S rRNA genes, revealing that these strains represented two coherent lineages that were distinct from each other and from all known species. The names Acinetobacter portensis sp. nov. (comprising four strains) and Acinetobacter guerrae sp. nov. (comprising two strains) are proposed for these novel species. The species status of these two groups was confirmed by low (below 95 %) whole-genome sequence average nucleotide identity values and low (below 70 %) digital DNA–DNA hybridization similarities between the whole-genome sequences of the proposed type strains of each novel species and the representatives of the known Acinetobacter species. Phylogenomic treeing from core genome analysis supported these results. The coherence of each new species lineage was supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry differentiation of the species at the protein level, by cellular fatty acid profiles, and by unique and differential combinations of metabolic and physiological properties shared by each novel species. The type strain of A. portensis sp. nov. is AC 877T (=CCUG 68672T=CCM 8789T) and the type strain of A. guerrae sp. nov. is AC 1271T (=CCUG 68674T=CCM 8791T).info:eu-repo/publishedVersio