Bulk and surface modification of TiO2 with sulfur and silver: Synergetic effects of dual surface modification in the enhancement of photocatalytic activity

Sulfur ion (S6+) was incorporated into the TiO2 lattice (Ti0.85S0.15O2) using sulfur powder as precursor. 0.05​% of silver was deposited on the surface of Ti0.85S0.15O2 by photoinduced deposition method. The photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2, Ag-​TiO2, Ti0.85S0.15O2 and Ag-​Ti0.85S0.15O2 photocatalysts were probed for the degrdn. of a model compd. congo red (CR) dye under UV​/solar light illumination. FTIR and XPS results suggested that the dopant sulfur ion (S6+) was incorporated into the TiO2 crystal lattice at Ti4+ lattice site and the sulfur ions on the surface were modified as SO42-​ active sites serving as electron withdrawing group. TEM and XPS anal. of Ag-​Ti0.85S0.15O2 has confirmed the deposition of silver in the Ag0 state. Ag-​Ti0.85S0.15O2 shows better photoactivty under solar light irradn. when compared to all the other photocatalysts. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of this catalyst is attributed to the synergetic effects of the incorporated dopant electronic energy level with the dual surface modifications of the type SO42-​ active centers and Schottky junctions created by metallic Ag0. Further the deposited Ag particles plays a dual role one as a sensitizer due to the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect and also acts as an electron trapper under solar light illumination reducing the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers

Interface characterization of all-perovskite oxide field effect heterostructures

All-oxide devices consisting of Niobium-doped Strontium Titanate (Nb:STO)/Strontium Titanate (STO)/Lanthanum Strontium Cuprous Oxide (LSCO) heterostructures were fabricated and characterized electrically for their interface properties through capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) techniques, in the context of electric field effect studies. The C-V studies establish the occurrence of charge modulation in the LSCO channel. Absence of hysteresis in the C-V characteristic when the voltage is retraced suggests the absence of mobile ions in the gate oxide and slow interface traps. This is further corroborated by the absence of drift in the C-V characteristic and shift in the flat band voltage (V FB) when the device is subjected to temperature-bias aging. The interface state density obtained from V FB is ~1012/cm2. The uncompensated hole concentration in the LSCO channel calculated from the measured room temperature C-V data is ~1020/cm3 and is in good agreement with the expected hole concentration in LSCO. Current-time and current-voltage plots are invariant with respect to the polarity of the applied voltage up to ~5 V. This, in a structure with asymmetric interfaces, indicates that the electrical contacts to STO are non-blocking and the conduction through STO is bulk-limited in this voltage regime. Thickness dependent current and capacitance studies also corroborate the bulk-limited nature of conduction through the device in this voltage regime. However, I-V characteristic shows a rectifying nature beyond ~8 V indicating that the mechanism in this voltage regime could be interface limited

The crystal structure of benzyloxycarbonyl-(α-aminoisobutyryl)-L-alanyl methyl ester

Crystals of the title compound, C20,H29,N3,O6, are monoclinic, space group P2, with a = 8-839 (3), b = f10.818 (3), c = 11.414 (2) A, β = 95.69 (2)° Z = 2; final R = 0.053. The molecular conformation is defined by the following angles (φ, ψ): Aib-1 58- 1, 36.8; Aib-2 68.3, 18.6; Ala-3 (φ) -136.2°. The molecule adopts a type 111 β -turn conformation stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the CO of the benzyloxycarbonyl group and the NH of the alanyl residue. The hydrogen-bond parameters are N···O 2-904 Å and ∠NH···O 156.9°

Economic analysis of agricultural Transformation process in Karnataka towards inclusive growth

In this study, the economic analysis of agricultural transformation process in Karnataka is analyzed using Factor Analysis, Markov Chain Analysis and Marketable surplus. The study was based on both primary and secondary data wherein primary data has been collected from the farmers and secondary data obtained from Village Dynamic Study in South Asia from ICRISAT. The results revealed that, in Bijapur district farmers have transformed from technology and market lead to surface irrigation lead agriculture while in the case of Tumkur district, farmers transformed from cultivation of diversified low value crops to irrigated high value crops. In Kappanimbargi, The probability of shift from the vegetables to pulses and oilseeds is 0.86. In Markabbinahalli, the probability of shift from sorghum and bajra to redgram is substantial (1).In Tharati, the probability of moving from Acorus calamus to chrysanthemum is substantial (0.93) while in the case of Belladamadagu, transition from cereals and millets to pulses and oilseeds as 1.00 and the volume of Milk collected by the Dairy increased from 180 litres per day in 2000 to 500 litres per day in 2010, an increase of 17.8 percent per year. In Bijapur district; the marketable surplus was low (30 %) in the case of sorghum and bajra crop while in Tumkur district it was low (38 %) for ragi crop. The development programs in Bijapur district are providing higher benefit of 15 %(Rs.9170) per family than that of Rs.7982 received per family in Tumkur district. The research study found that, the sample households have been accessing agricultural information from word of mouth (40 %) followed by progressive farmers, input dealers and State Raitha Samparka Kendra. In Tharati, by selling water for agriculture purpose, the groundwater sellers realized higher net returns (Rs. 46883) which is 48 % compared to the farmers buying irrigation water for chrysanthemum cultivation (Rs.31620) and the groundwater buyer paid 1/3rd of produce income to groundwater seller (Rs.22200

Thermal conductivity of zirconia thermal barrier coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBC's) applied to the hot gas components of turbine engines lead to enhanced fuel efficiency and component reliability. Understanding the mechanisms which control the thermal transport behavior of the TBC's is of primary importance. Physical vapor description (PVD) and plasma spraying (PS) are the two most commonly used coating techniques. These techniques produce coatings with unique microstructures which control their performance and stability. The PS coatings were applied with either standard power or hollow sphere particles. The hollow sphere particles yielded a lower density and lower thermal conductivity coating. The thermal conductivity of both fully and partially stabilized zirconia, before and after thermal aging, will be compared. The thermal conductivity of the coatings permanently increase upon being exposed to high temperatures. These increases are attributed to microstructural changes within the coatings. Sintering of the as fabricated plasma sprayed lamellar structure is observed by scanning electron microscopy of coatings isothermally heat treated at temperatures greater than 1100 C. During this sintering process the planar porosity between lamella is converted to a series of small spherical pores. The change in pore morphology is the primary reason for the observed increase in thermal conductivity. This increase in thermal conductivity can be modeled using a relationship which depends on both the temperature and time of exposure. Although the PVD coatings are less susceptible to thermal aging effects, preliminary results suggest that they have a higher thermal conductivity than PS coatings, both before and after thermal aging. The increases in thermal conductivity due to thermal aging for partially stabilized plasma sprayed zirconia have been found to be less than for fully stabilized plasma sprayed zirconia coatings. The high temperature thermal diffusivity data indicates that if these coatings reach a temperature above 1100 C during operation, they will begin to lose their effectiveness as a thermal barrier

Dexmedetomidine Induced Deep Sedation Mimics Non-Rapid Eye Movement Stage 3 Sleep:Large Scale Validation using Machine Learning

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Dexmedetomidine induced electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during deep sedation is comparable with natural sleep patterns. Using large scale EEG recordings and machine learning techniques, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine induced deep sedation indeed mimics natural sleep patterns. METHODS: We used EEG recordings from three sources in this study: 8707 overnight sleep EEG and 30 dexmedetomidine clinical trial EEG. Dexmedetomidine induced sedation levels were assessed using the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/ Sedation (MOAA/S) score. We extracted twenty-two spectral features from each EEG recording using a multitaper spectral estimation method. Elastic-net regularization method was used for feature selection. We compared the performance of several machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine and random forest), trained on individual sleep stages, to predict different levels of the MOAA/S sedation state. RESULTS: The random forest algorithm trained on non-rapid eye movement stage 3 (N3) predicted dexmedetomidine induced deep sedation (MOAA/S = 0) with AUC > 0.8 outperforming other machine learning models. Power in the delta band (0-4Hz) was selected as an important feature for prediction in addition to power in theta (4-8 Hz) and beta (16-30Hz) bands. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large scale EEG data-driven approach and machine learning framework, we show that dexmedetomidine induced deep sedation state mimics N3 sleep EEG patterns

Self Controllable Health Care Monitoring Arrangement for Patient

In this undertaking is utilized to the Condition care monitoring system. Distributed Healthcare cloud computing arrangement considerably facilitates effectual patient treatment for health consultation by allocating confidential condition data amid healthcare providers. Though, it brings concerning the trial of keeping both the data confidentiality and patients’ individuality privacy simultaneously. Countless continuing admission manipulation and nameless authentication schemes cannot be straightforwardly exploited. The arrangement acts there are provider, doctor, patient and admin. The provider is list to website to consent staying to appeal dispatch to admin. Admin is Proved to in a particular provider it deeds to the present add to doctors and hospital divisions established. User or Patient is list to the site. Patient Login to present the deed booking the doctor appointment in situation patient to dispatch a feedback to that doctor treatment comments onward to admin. Doctors is add provider to dispatch a username and password .Doctor is login to think patient appointment features and checking the doctor is present patient or fake user to identified to dispatch to symptoms description upload files(x-ray).Admin is finished procedure is upheld in this system. Patient dispatch doctors feedback bad or wrong to particular doctors appointment annulled temporally. In this undertaking generally utilized for patient and hospital ,doctors features through online upheld for India astute established on card

Growth-rate induced epitaxial orientation of CeO2 on Al2O3(0001)

High-quality CeO2 films were grown on Al2O3(0001) substrates using oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial orientation of the films is found to be CeO2(100) and CeO2(111) at low ( \u3c 8 A/min) and higher growth rates ( \u3e 12 A/min), respectively. CeO2(100) film grows as three-dimensional islands, while CeO2(111) film grows as two-dimensional layers. The CeO2(100) film exhibits better epitaxial quality compared to CeO2(111) film. However, the CeO2(100) film on Al2O3(0001) shows three in-plane domains at 30 degrees to each other. While the epitaxial quality is attributed to the close match between oxygen sublattices of CeO2(100) and Al2O3(0001), the three in-plane domains in CeO2(100) are attributed to the threefold symmetry of the substrate. The relative stability of different epitaxial orientations of CeO2 films on Al2O3(0001) obtained from molecular dynamics simulations strongly supports the experimental observations

Performance of Indian Manufacturing in the Post Reform Period

Many emerging countries in recent decades have relied on a development strategy that focused primarily on promoting the manufacturing sector and the exports of manufactured goods. However, an acceleration of growth of output and employment in manufacturing has eluded India. This is despite the fact that the central focus of the reforms in the 1980s and 1990s was to unshackle the manufacturing sector. Instead it is the services sector which has grown rapidly, contributing about two-third of GDP growth in recent years. This paper discusses the reasons behind the modest performance of the manufacturing sector in India post reforms. It argues that there are many factors that have inhibited the growth of industrial sector in India. One major factor is the rigid and strict labor laws which have affected the industrial performance in a number of ways, by keeping the size of the establishments small, by not encouraging the production of labor intensive goods, by pushing activities to the unorganized sector, and by keeping the Indian industry uncompetitive. Besides the labor laws other factors that are responsible for the modest performance of the manufacturing sector include difficulty in the acquisition of land for industrial use, inadequate financing and infrastructure, and cumbersome business climate. The paper presents arguments and evidence which shows the importance of these factors