Estimating the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factors in osteoporotic hip fracture using Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model in Iran

Backgrounds: The number of hip fractures, the most common complication of osteoporosis, has increased rapidly over the past decades. The goal of this study is to estimate the avoidable burden of certain modifiable risk factor of the condition using the Generalized Impact Fraction (GIF) model, which has been suggested and used by epidemiologists to overcome the drawbacks associated with the use of Attributable Fraction index. In addition to preventing a risk factor or the avoidable fraction of burden, this index can also calculate the change in the burden, when a risk factor is altered.Methods: International databases were searched through PubMed, CINAHLD, Embase using OVID and Google scholar. National resources were searched through IranDoc, IranMedex, SID and Journal sites. Other resources include abstract books and articles sent to the IOF congress. The following search strategy was used: (" Osteoporotic fracture" OR " Fragility Hip fracture" OR " Calcium" OR " vitamin D" OR " BMI" OR " lean body weight" OR " Physical activity" OR " exercise" OR " Smoke" ) AND (" prevalence" OR " incidence" OR " relative risk" ) and limited to " humans." Results: With regards to different scenarios already explained in modifying the studied risk factors, the greatest impact in reducing the prevalence of risk factors on osteoporotic hip fractures, was seen in low serum vitamin D levels, low physical activity and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, respectively. According to the fact that interventions for low serum vitamin D and low intake of calcium and vitamin D, are related to each other, it can be concluded that implementing interventions to change these two risk factors, in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, would result in approximately a 5%, 11% and 17% decrease in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures, respectively. The addition of interventions addressing low physical activity in the easy, moderate and difficult scenarios, an 8%, 21% and 35% reduction in the burden of osteoporotic hip fractures would be reported, respectively.Conclusion: Improving serum vitamin D levels, recommending the consumption of calcium and vitamin D supplementations and advocating physical activity are the most effective interventions to reduce the risk of osteoporotic hip fractures. © 2013 Shahnazari et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Training Software Effectiveness Applied by the Mothers to Their Autistic Children at Home Remotely to Develop Their Self-Care Skills Under the Supervision of the Specialist

This study represented a Training software applied by mothers to their autistic children at home remotely to develop their self-care skills through computer activities such as toothbrushing, hand washing, toilet use skills, wearing and taking off clothes skills Under the supervision of the specialist, the Course-lab program will introduce the software & flowchart to define the flow of the software. The main objective of the study here is twofold, one of which is to develop the capacity of the mother in training her autistic child in self-care skills and to recognize the effectiveness of the software in developing the capacity of the autistic child. This study is based on an experimental approach. Researchers prepared a questionnaire consisting of 60 phrases to measure a childs performance on these skills before and after the use and practical application of the software. The participants consist of 11 children and 11 mothers in a six-month period, and a sample was collected from mothers and children of rehabilitation centers in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed by statistical methods using the SPSS program, version No. 24. The descriptive statistics were used to process data and the percentage of gains of Blacks Modifies adjustments. Among the most important findings of the study was the improved performance of children in acquiring self-care skills, as well as the improved performance of mothers in applying self-care skills to their children this is reflected in Blakes modified gains to detect the effectiveness of the application 1.42, indicating acceptable and highly effective categories, and average pre-training scores calculated. (Before the introduction of the self-care skills development program for children with autism) where the average in tribal measurement was 40.13 by contrast, the corresponding average in dimensional measurement was 88.43 in favor of dimensional measurement and the calculated Z value exceeded the scheduled test value of Z (0.05 and 0.01, respectively; p ≤ 0.000) indicating the effectiveness of the software used

Remote sensing of cirrus clouds and aerosols by a sun photometer in Tunisia

International audienceSome ground based measurements of solar radiation by using a sun photometer, have been conducted in Tunisia during the period of November 2000–February 2002. Five key measurement sites were selected: Three Sites (Tunis, Sousse, Gabes) are located on the Mediterranean coast and Two sites (Gafsa, Tozeur) on the boarder of Sahara. Over a total of 149 measurement days, 21 days are identified as clear sky, 114 days as Cirrus clouds and 14 days as aerosols. Aerosols and Cirrus clouds Optical Thickness (AOT) are derived from photometric measurements at 532 nm wavelength. Spatial and temporal variabilities of AOT are presented and discussed in this paper. Cirrus clouds were frequently observed at Gafsa and Tozeur where saharan aerosol events are expected to be more frequent than cirrus clouds. The mediterranean sea and saharan aerosols are suspected to have the main role in cirrus clouds formation, by providing water vapor and high concentrations of cloud condensation and ice forming nuclei

L’atteinte nerveuse au cours du syndrome de gougerot - sjögren, a propos d’un cas

Description Les complications neurologiques au cours du syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren se voient dans 8,5 à 70 % des cas. Les données de la littérature concernant le système nerveux périphérique sont nombreuses et assez concordantes. En revanche les données concernant les manifestations centrales sont beaucoup plus rares et discordantes. Objectifs Décrire les différentes atteintes neurologiques qui peuvent se voir au cours du syndrome de Gougerot- Sjögren. Résultats Les auteurs rapportent l’observation d’une femme de 67 ans qui présentait une hypertrophie de toutes les glandes salivaires associée à une paralysie du facial droit et une hypoesthésie du territoire du trijumeau homolatéral. Les explorations paracliniques comprenant une biopsie labiale et une IRM cérébrale ont permis de conclure en faveur d’un syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren. La patiente a bénéficié d’un traitement corticoïde par voie générale avec régression totale des atteintes salivaire et nerveuse au bout de 2 mois Conclusion Le syndrome de Gougerot-Sjögren est une pathologie chronique auto-immune qui touche essentiellement les glandes exocrines. Il peut associer aussi une atteinte extra-glandulaire. L’atteinte nerveuse est possible mais rarement vue dans le cadre de ce syndrome (20%). L’atteinte des paires crâniennes est encore plusrare et prédomine surtout sur le trijumeau

B-T phase diagram of CoCr2O4 in magnetic fields up to 14 T

We have measured the magnetization and specific heat of multiferroic CoCr2O4 in magnetic fields up to 14 T. The high-field magnetization measurements indicate a new phase transition at T* = 5 - 6 K. The phase between T* and the lock-in transition at 15 K is characterized by magnetic irreversibility. At higher magnetic fields, the irreversibility increases. Specific-heat measurements confirm the transition at T*, and also show irreversible behavior. We construct a field-temperature phase diagram of CoCr2O4.Comment: 4 page

Non-immune fetal hydrops: etiology and outcome according to gestational age at diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: Fetal hydrops is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. The etiology and outcome of fetal hydrops may differ according to the gestational age at diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cause, evolution and outcome of non-immune fetal hydrops (NIFH), according to the gestational age at diagnosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of all singleton pregnancies complicated by NIFH, at the Fetal Medicine Unit at St George's University Hospital, London, UK, between 2000 and 2018. All fetuses had detailed anomaly and cardiac ultrasound scans, karyotyping and infection screening. Prenatal diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, gestational age at diagnosis and delivery, as well as pregnancy outcome, were recorded. Regression analysis was used to test for potential association between possible risk factors and perinatal mortality. RESULTS: We included 273 fetuses with NIFH. The etiology of the condition varied significantly in the three trimesters. Excluding 30 women who declined invasive testing, the cause of NIFH was defined as unknown in 62 of the remaining 243 cases (25.5%). Chromosomal aneuploidy was the most common cause of NIFH in the first trimester. It continued to be a significant etiologic factor in the second trimester, along with congenital infection. In the third trimester, the most common etiology was cardiovascular abnormality. Among the 152 (55.7%) women continuing the pregnancy, 48 (31.6%) underwent fetal intervention, including the insertion of pleuroamniotic shunts, fetal blood transfusion and thoracentesis. Fetal intervention was associated significantly with lower perinatal mortality (odds ratio (OR), 0.30 (95% CI, 0.14-0.61); P  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An earlier gestational age at diagnosis of NIFH was associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy and worse pregnancy outcome, including a higher risk of perinatal loss. Fetal therapy was associated significantly with lower perinatal mortality. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Forecasting Remission Time of a Treatment Method for Leukemia as an Application to Statistical Inference Approach

In this paper, Weibull-Linear Exponential distribution (WLED) has been investigated whether being it is a well - fit distribution to a clinical real data. These data represent the duration of remission achieved by a certain drug used in the treatment of leukemia for a group of patients. The statistical inference approach is used to estimate the parameters of the WLED through the set of the fitted data. The estimated parameters are utilized to evaluate the survival and hazard functions and hence assessing the treatment method through forecasting the duration of remission times of patients. A two-sample prediction approach has been applied to obtain a predictive sample based on the Bayes estimates of the parameters. The statistical inference approach is applied to the case of censored data namely Type-II hybrid censoring scheme, which is common in clinical studies

Građa i optička svojstva tankih polikristaliničnih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2

Structural and optical properties of CuGaxIn1−xSe2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) polycrystalline thin films deposited by vacuum evaporation were studied as a function of composition. The optical absorption spectra of CuGaxIn1−xSe2 thin films (x /=0) show four energy gaps (Eg1 , Eg2 , Eg3 and Eg4 ) which are attributed to the fundamental edge, band splitting by crystal-field and spin-orbit splitting, and to transitions originating from copper 3d levels, respectively. The primary transition energies exhibit bowing behaviour expressed by the relationship Eg1 (x) = 1.011 + 0.448x + 0.186x 2 . The second and third transition energies are higher than the primary transition energies by 0.10–0.11 eV and 0.18–0.185 eV, respectively. The effect of thermal treatment on the values of energy gaps is discussed in terms of the structure of the films. The primary transition energies of annealed CuGaxIn1−xSe2 can be fitted by the parabolic form Eg1 (x) = 1.04 + 0.46x + 0.22x 2 .Proučavali smo strukturna i optička svojstva tankih polikristaliničnih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2, isparenih u vakuumu, u ovisnosti o sastavu (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.75). Optički apsorpcijski spektri tankih slojeva CuGaxIn1−xSe2, (x /=0), pokazuju četiri energijska procijepa (Eg1 , Eg2 , Eg3 i Eg4 ) koji se pridjeljuju osnovnom rubu, cijepanju vrpci kristalnim poljem i cijepanju spin-staza, odnosno prijelazima iz 3d stanja bakra. Prvotni prijelazi pokazuju kvadratnu ovisnost koju izražavamo relacijom Eg1 (x) = 1.011 + 0.448x + 0.186x 2 . Druga i treća prijelazna energija su (0.10 − 0.11 eV) odnosno (0.18 − 0.185 eV) više od primarne prijelazne energije. Pomoću građe slojeva objašnjavamo učinak toplinske obrade na vrijednosti energijskih procijepa. Prvotne prijelazne energije opuštenog CuGaxIn1−xSe2 mogu se predstaviti kvadratnim izrazom Eg1 (x) = 1.04 + 0.46x + 0.22x 2