The snacking habits of white preschool ·children

Three-day estimated dietary records were kept for 194 white 3- and 4-year-old children to deterMine and evaluate the extent, nature and quality of their snacking. All but 1 child ate between meals, with morning and afternoon snacking being favoured in terms of frequency and quantity. Soft drinks were .consumed most frequently, followed by fresh fruits and fruit juices, sweets and chocolates, milk and sugar. Between-meal eating contributed more than one-third of the average day's energy and approximately one-quarter of most vitamins and minerals to the children's diets. Foods eaten between meals were, however, significantly less nutrient-dense than mealtime foods. Non-basic foods supplied more energy to the diet than _ any of the five basic food groups, but minimal quantities of micronutrients. Sugar consumption, mostly in the form of sugary foods and drinks, was high, but was not consumed exclusively between meals. Such children should be encouraged to make more use of basic commodities, particularly when snacking

Quantitative detection of Exserohilum turcicum in northern leaf blight diseased sorghum and maize leaves

Exserohilum turcicum is the causal agent of northern leaf blight (NLB) disease in sorghum and maize. Early detection of this economically important pathogen is essential for effective disease management to limit yield losses. Here we present a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay specific for E. turcicum detection and biomass quantification in sorghum and maize. In planta fungal quantification was achieved through amplification of a cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (cpr1) gene fragment and subsequent normalisation to the host glutathione S-transferase III gene (gst3). The assay could specifically detect E. turcicum in sorghum and maize, but the cpr1 gene fragment was not amplified in non-target fungal pathogens. Application of the assay with NLB diseased sorghum and maize leaf material revealed a significant increase in E. turcicum DNA in leaves with lesion symptoms when compared to leaves with early stage chlorotic fleck symptoms in both hosts. Furthermore, E. turcicum was detected at levels as low as 1 pg in infected sorghum and maize leaves. The assay enables rapid detection and quantification of E. turcicum in sorghum and maize and has useful applications in crop breeding programmes and disease management where cultivar selection and early detection of the pathogen are essential to limit disease spread.The National Research Foundation of South Africahttp://link.springer.com/journal/13313hj2021Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)Plant Production and Soil Scienc

A study of the robustness of observers for missiles under roll conditions

Study project (M. Eng.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1991.One copy microfiche.Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record

Growth, mineral content and essential oil quality of Buchu (<I>Agathosma betulina</I>) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains.

AgriwetenskappeAgronomiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Growth, inorganic content and essential oil quality of Buchu (Agathosma betulina) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains

The study was conducted at eleven sites in the Cederberg Mountains, about 200 km north of Cape Town, during March 2006, to gain some information on soil characteristics of natural habitats of Buchu (Agathosma betulina) and determine possible variations in Buchu oil quality at different sites. Plant samples were collected and plant height was recorded at each site. Soil samples were taken as close as possible to the sampled plants, while the direction of the slope was also recorded. The soil analyses indicated that soils of the Cederberg Mountains are mostly very sandy with low levels of nutrients. The pH of the soil was found to vary between pHKCl 3.7and 5.3. Plant height varied with age and between sites and the analyses of the leaves indicated low levels of most of the inorganic elements. Essential oil from the sites showed slight variations, but generally low pulegone levels, high levels of diosphenol and the absence of measurable amounts of cis-trans acetylthio-p-menthan-3-one isomers indicated that all the material originated from pure A. betulina genetic material. High levels of diosphenol also indicated that the material was from diosphenol chemotype

Effect of pH on growth, mineral content and essential oil quality of Buchu (<I>Agathosma betulina</I>) grown under controlled conditions.

Please help populate SUNScholar with the full text of SU research output. Also - should you need this item urgently, please send us the details and we will try to get hold of the full text as quick possible. E-mail to [email protected]. Thank you.Journal Articles (subsidised)AgriwetenskappeAgronomi

Growth, mineral content and essential oil quality of Buchu (<I>Agathosma betulina</I>) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains.

AgriwetenskappeAgronomiePlease help us populate SUNScholar with the post print version of this article. It can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

The food multimix concept: new innovative approach to meeting nutritional challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

Food insecurity, chronic hunger, starvation and malnutrition continue to affect millions of individuals throughout the developing world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Various initiatives by African governments and International Agencies such as the UN, the industrial nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade Organisation to boost economic development, have failed to provide the much-needed solution to these challenges. The impact of these economic shifts and the failures of structural adjustment programmes on the nutritional well-being and health of the most vulnerable members of poor communities cannot be over-emphasised. The use of ad hoc measures as an adjunct to community-based rural integrated projects have provided little success and will be unsustainable unless they are linked to harnessing available local resources. The present paper therefore focuses on exploring alternative ways of harnessing the scant agricultural resources by employing a scientific approach to food-related problem-solving. The food multimix (FMM) concept offers a scientific contribution alongside other attempts currently in use by the World Food Programme, WHO and FAO to meet the food insecurity challenges that confront most of the developing world in the twenty-first century. It is an innovative approach that makes better use of traditional food sources as a tool for meeting community nutritional needs. The FMM concept employs a food-based approach using traditional methods of food preparation and locally-available, cheap and affordable staples (fruits, pulses, vegetables and legumes) in the formulation of nutrient-enriched multimixes. Developed recipes can provide >= 40% of the daily nutritional requirements of vulnerable groups, including patients with HIV/AIDS and children undergoing nutrition rehabilitation. The FMM approach can also be used as a medium- to long-term adjunct to community-based rural integration projects aimed at health improvement and economic empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa

QUALITY AND CHEMISTRY OF AFRICAN BIRDS EYE CHILI (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS) FROM ZAMBIA

African Birds Eye Chili (Capsicum frutescens) is a specialty hot pepper of increasing interest to consumers and to those who enjoy and rely on hot peppers. Assessing of the chemistry and quality of this spice is becoming increasingly important to increase its market access and better define the product variation from different producing regions. The objective of this study is to assess the chemistry and quality of African Birds Eye Chili grown in Zambia. Fruit samples from this plant were grown and harvested (2006-2007 seasons) from the Chinyanja Triangle area and from the 2008 season from Chongwe, Kalomo and Mpongwe and subjected to proximate and chemical analysis. The deep orange color of the Zambian African Birds Eye Chili was found to be very positive. All the samples showed low levels of moisture (1%, and 1%, respectively; and dihydrocapsaicin reaching 0.5-0.7% and 0.5%, respectively from these sites. Samples from the Chinyanja Triangle, 2006-07 were found to be lower (0.6-0.8% capsaicin, 0.3-0.5% dihydrocapsaicin) but direct comparisons are not possible as those studies were conducted in an earlier growing season. In 2008 season, the application of Good Agricultural Practices, higher quality seeds and improved production practices (improved weeding and drying) which appeared to result in the production of high quality Chili. A study to compare Zambian African Birds Eye Chili to other hot pepper commercial samples found on the USA market found that the Zambian product contained far higher levels of capsaicin and were of superior quality to the commercial hot pepper products