Surface free energy of polyurethane coatings with improved hydrophobicity

The polarity of polyurethane coats was studied on the basis of the goniometric method for determination of wetting angle values, on the basis of calculated surface free energy (SFE) values by the van Oss–Good and Owens–Wendt methods, and on the basis of polarity measurements with the use of the 1H NMR spectra. Test polyurethanes were synthesised in the reaction of methylene diphenyl 4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI) or 3-izocyanatomethyl –3,5,5- trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI) and polyoxyethylene glycols or polyesters poly(ε-caprolactone) diols and poly(ethyleneadipate) diol with different molecular weights, and some diols as chain extenders, in dioxane. The type of raw material was found to significantly affect the phase structure of the obtained polyurethane elastomers and to control physical interactions within those structures, thus influencing the SFE values. Fundamental reduction in the SFE value of a coating below 28 mJ/m2 was achieved by the use of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol as the urethane prepolymer chain extender

Analiza porównawcza modeli współpracy miast z organizacjami pozarządowymi w zakresie polityki kulturalnej na przykładzie Krakowa i Warszawy

Comparative analysis of the cities and nongovernmental organization models of cooperation in the cultural policy illustrated with example of Cracow and WarsawThe article covers the issue of cooperation between the public and nongovernment sector starting with the review of problems connected to the legał operation of the nongovernmental sector in Poland, through the descriptions of relationships and correlations between the two sectors, to finish with an attempt of critical analysis of cooperation programs between communes and nongovernmental organizations in the cultural policies illustrated with an example of the cities – Cracow and Warsaw

The social project manager competence framework

The main purpose was to create a social project manager competence framework, because it hasn't been defined up till now and it is extremely necessary as there are more and more social project managers who need a list of soft competences which are required from them to work effectively. Interpersonal competences should be much more developed in the case of social project managers because managers make relationships with different people. What is more, social project managers need higher competences than other project managers, especially interpersonal competences which are the most important factor to make a project successful. They should be aware of it before they start the work. The research revealed the most important interpersonal competences which have the greatest influence on the effectiveness of social project managers. Social project managers should know what interpersonal competences are needed to work effectively on a social project. So therefore, the project manager competence framework is especially dedicated to social project managers so they can check if they have most of the required competences to work effectively

Otwarte konkursy ofert w dziedzinie kultury z perspektywy organizatora festiwalu muzycznego. Studium porównawcze

The purpose of the paper is a comparative critical analysis of open competition calls for proposals for the implementation of public tasks in the field of culture, art, and protection of cultural and national heritage announced by public enti­ties, based on the analysis of e-documents such as announcements and regula­tions of open competition offers and results, published in the form of ranking lists, selected contests for offers from 2011–2020, from the perspective of the organizer of a classical music festival in Krakow.Celem publikacji jest porównawcza analiza krytyczna otwartych konkursów ofert na realizację zadań publicznych w obszarze kultury, sztuki, ochrony dóbr kultury i dziedzictwa narodowego ogłaszanych przez podmioty pub­liczne, przeprowadzona na podstawie analizy dokumentów elektronicznych, takich jak treści ogłoszeń i regulaminy otwartych konkursów ofert oraz wyniki publikowane w postaci list rankingowych, wybranych konkursów ofert z lat 2011–2020, z perspektywy organizatora festiwalu muzyki poważnej z siedzibą w Krakowie

Dostęp do informacji a poziom wiedzy wśród pokolenia X i Z na przykładzie Międzynarodowego Konkursu Pianistycznego im. Fryderyka Chopina w Warszawie

The article presents the results of a survey conducted in 2001 among representatives of Generation X and a survey conducted in 2021 among representatives of Generation Z. The aim of the research undertaken was to find an answer to the question whether unlimited access to information on the Internet increases the level of knowledge among the representatives of Generation Z of the most prestigious high culture events on the example of the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw. The survey covered students of the Jagiellonian University and the Cracow University of Technology.Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania przeprowadzonego w 2001 r. wśród przedstawicieli pokolenia X i badania przeprowadzonego w 2021 r. wśród przedstawicieli pokolenia Z. Celem podjętych badań było znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy nieograniczony dostęp do informacji w Internecie ma wpływ na wzrost poziomu wiedzy wśród przedstawicieli pokolenia Z o najbardziej prestiżowych wydarzeniach kultury wysokiej na przykładzie Międzynarodowego Konkursu Pianistycznego im. Fryderyka Chopina w Warszawie. Badaniem ankietowym objęci zostali studenci Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego i Politechniki Krakowskiej

Comparison of phase structures and surface free energy values for the coatings synthesised from linear polyurethanes and from waterborne polyurethane cationomers

WAXS, DSC and AFM methods were employed to compare phase structures of the coatings obtained from waterborne polyurethane cationomers which had been synthesised in the reaction of some diisocyanates (MDI, IPDI, TDI and HDI) with polyoxyethylene glycols (M = 600 and 2,000) and butane1,4-diol or N-methyl- or N-butyldiethanolamine and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol. The structures were also analysed of the coatings derived from linear polyurethanes which had been synthesised on the basis of similar raw materials. Better rigidity was found for generally amorphous cationomer coats. Changes were discussed in the surface free energy (SFE) values and in their components, as calculated independently with the use of the van Oss–Good and Owens–Wendt methods. Polyurethane coats turned out more hydrophobic as compared to cationomer ones. In both coat types, fluorine incorporated into cationomers contributed to lower SFE values: from 50 down to about 30 mJ/m2

Synthesis and characterisation of coating polyurethane cationomers containing fluorine built-in hard urethane segments

Polyurethane cationomers were synthesised in the reaction of 4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with polyoxyethylene glycol (M = 2,000) or poly(tetrafluoroethyleneoxide-co-difluoromethylene oxide) α,ω-diisocyanate and N-methyl diethanolamine. Amine segments were built-in to the urethane-isocyanate prepolymer in the reaction with 1-bromobutane or formic acid, and then they were converted to alkylammonium cations. The obtained isocyanate prepolymers were then extended in the aqueous medium that yielded stable aqueous dispersions which were applied on the surfaces of test poly(tetrafluoroethylene) plates. After evaporation of water, the dispersions formed thin polymer coatings. 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectral methods were employed to confirm chemical structures of synthesised cationomers. Based on 1H NMR and IR spectra, the factors κ and α were calculated, which represented the polarity level of the obtained cationomers. The DSC, wide angle X-ray scattering and atom force microscopy methods were employed for the microstructural assessment of the obtained materials. Changes were discussed in the surface free energy and its components, as calculated independently according to the method suggested by van Oss–Good, in relation to chemical and physical structures of cationomers as well as morphology of coating surfaces obtained from those cationomers. Fluorine incorporated into cationomers (about 30%) contributed to lower surface free energy values, down to about 15 mJ/m2. That was caused by gradual weakening of long-range interactions within which the highest share is taken by dispersion interactions