Inflammation of peripheral tissues and injury to peripheral nerves induce diferring effects in the expression of the calcium-sensitive anandamide synthesising enzyme and related molecules in rat primary sensory neuron

Elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration induces the synthesis of N0 arachydonoylethanolamine (anandamide) in a sub0popu lation of primary sensory neurons. N0acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipa se D (NAPE0PLD) is the only known enzyme, which synthesises anandamide in a Ca 2+ 0dependent manner. NAPE0 PLD mRNA, as well as anandamide's main targets, the excitatory transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 ion channel (TRPV1) and the inhibitory cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor and the main anandamide0hydrolysing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are all expressed by sub0populatio ns of nociceptive primary sensory neurons. Thus, NAPE0PLD, TRPV1, the CB1 rec eptor and FAAH could form an autocrine signalling system, which could shape t he activity of a major sub0 population of nociceptive primary sensory neurons, hence contribute to the development of pain. While the expression patterns of TRPV1, the CB1 receptor and FAAH have been comprehensively elucidated, little i s known about NAPE0PLD expression in primary sensory neurons under physiol ogical and pathological conditions. We report that NAPE0PLD is expressed by about a third of primary sensory neurons, the overwhelming majority of which also express nociceptive markers as well as the CB1 receptor, TRPV1 and FAAH . Inflammation of peripheral tissues and injury to peripheral nerves induce diff ering but concerted changes in the expression pattern of NAPE0PLD, the CB1 receptor, T RPV1 and FAAH. Together these data indicate the existence of the anatomical basis for an autocrine signalling system, in a major proportion of nociceptive primar y sensory neurons, and that alterations in that autocrine signalling by periphe ral pathologies could contribute to the development of both inflammatory and neuropathi c pain

The reversible reduction of replicon size is directly proportional to the 2,4-D concentrations in embryogenic cell cultures of carrot [electronic document]

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A physiological method combination to optimize in vitro plant regeneration systems

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High frequency of doubled haploid plant production in spelt wheat

This is the first study to report an efficient anther culture (AC) method for spelt wheat, which has an increasing importance not only in applied research but also in organic farming and changing nutritional standards. In this study, an efficient AC protocol has been described for ‘GK Fehér’ spelt wheat. The number of AC-derived embryolike structures (ELS) was 62.2/100 anthers, from which we were able to regenerate 30.6 green plantlets per 100 anthers. The percentage of green plantlets production was 89.0% among the regenerated plantlets, while the phenomenon of albinism was restricted (3.8/100 anthers). Altogether, from AC of ‘GK Fehér’ 306 green plantlets were produced in vitro and 241 plants were acclimatized to the greenhouse conditions. Based on ploidy level analyses, 83 spontaneous doubled haploid (DH) plants were produced (8.3 DH plants/100 anthers), so the percentage of spontaneous rediploidization was 34.4%. The spontaneous DH plants produced fertile spikes, while a few seeds were harvested from seven partially fertile plants

Expression of the 1D×5 high molecular weight glutenin subunit protein in transgenic rice

We generated and analysed transgenic rice lines synthesizing substantial amounts of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) from wheat. Particle bombardment has been used to transform rice cultivars ( Orysa sativa L.) with a cassette carrying the gene of 1D×5 HMW glutenin subunit. Twelve independent lines were recovered and PCR results on genomic DNS confirmed the integration of the transgene into it. Five lines set seeds. Seeds were analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot and we proved the presence of foreign protein in the starchy endosperm. The amount of 1D×5 HMW-GS in rice endosperm represents 0.75–3.18% of the alcohol soluble proteins. These results are the first example of significantly changing storage protein composition of rice exploiting the method of gene technology. This alteration may have considerable effect on the functional properties, including strength and stability of the dough made of transgenic rice flour

Development of a non-lethal selection system by using the aadA marker gene for efficient recovery of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Kiss, E., Toldi, O. are additional author

Development of a non-lethal selection system by using the aadA marker gene for efficient recovery of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Kiss, E., Toldi, O. are additional author