The first North American records of the synanthropic spider \u3ci\u3eCithaeron praedonius\u3c/i\u3e O. P.-Cambridge (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea: Cithaeronidae), with notes on its biology

Cithaeron praedonius O. P.-Cambridge 1872 (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea: Cithaeronidae) is an Old World species with a distribution from The Gambia, western Africa, and Greece to Malaysia and Australia. In the New World, it was recently found in Brazil, and is now reported for the first time in North America, in the United States. Multiple individuals of both sexes and various life stages, including multiple eggsacs, have been found in a home in Port Richey, Pasco County, Florida. An adult female was found on the outside wall of the house feeding on another spider, suggesting that C. praedonius are no longer contained as a spot introduction in this one house. Observations in captivity indicate that this species may prefer feeding on other spiders. The eggsac and molting nest are described for the first time, and the first records on fecundity are reported

Origin of the spectral linewidth in non linear oscillators based on MgO tunnel junctions

We demonstrate the strong impact of the oscillator agility on the line broadening by studying spin transfer induced microwave emission in MgO-based tunnel junctions with current. The linewidth is almost not affected by decreasing the temperature. At very low currents, a strong enhancement of the linewidth at low temperature is attributed to an increase of the non linearity, probably due to the field-like torque. Finally we evidence that the noise is not dominated by thermal fluctuations but rather by the chaotization of the magnetization system induced by the spin transfer torque.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, published in Phys. Rev. B 80, 060404 (2009

The operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics system. Clinical relevance, reliability and validity

In this paper, we present a multiaxial system for psychodynamic diagnosis, which has attained wide usage in Germany in the last 10 years. First we will discuss the 4 operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD) axes: illness experience and treatment assumptions, relationships, mental conflicts, and structure, then clinical applications will be outlined. Focus psychodynamic formulations can be employed both with inpatients and with outpatients. Studies show good reliability in a research context and acceptable reliability for clinical purposes. Validity will be separately summarized as content, criterion, and construct validity. Validity studies indicate good validity for the individual axes. Numerous studies on the OPD indicate areas of possible improvement, for example for clinical purposes the OPD should be more practically formulated

Raw Acceleration from Wrist- and Hip-Worn Accelerometers Corresponds with Mechanical Loading in Children and Adolescents

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordData Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between peak magnitudes of raw acceleration (g) from wrist- and hip-worn accelerometers and ground reaction force (GRF) variables in a large sample of children and adolescents. A total of 269 participants (127 boys, 142 girls; age: 12.3 ± 2.0 yr) performed walking, running, jumping (5 cm) and single-leg hopping on a force plate. A GENEActiv accelerometer was worn on the left wrist, and an Actigraph GT3X+ was worn on the right wrist and hip throughout. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the relationships between peak magnitudes of raw acceleration and loading. Raw acceleration from both wrist and hip-worn accelerometers was strongly and significantly associated with loading (all p’s < 0.05). Body mass and maturity status (pre/post-PHV) were also significantly associated with loading, whereas age, sex and height were not identified as significant predictors. The final models for the GENEActiv wrist, Actigraph wrist and Actigraph hip explained 81.1%, 81.9% and 79.9% of the variation in loading, respectively. This study demonstrates that wrist- and hip-worn accelerometers that output raw acceleration are appropriate for use to monitor the loading exerted on the skeleton and are able to detect short bursts of high-intensity activity that are pertinent to bone health.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

Many-body spin related phenomena in ultra-low-disorder quantum wires

Zero length quantum wires (or point contacts) exhibit unexplained conductance structure close to 0.7 X 2e^2/h in the absence of an applied magnetic field. We have studied the density- and temperature-dependent conductance of ultra-low-disorder GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wires with nominal lengths l=0 and 2 mu m, fabricated from structures free of the disorder associated with modulation doping. In a direct comparison we observe structure near 0.7 X 2e^2/h for l=0 whereas the l=2 mu m wires show structure evolving with increasing electron density to 0.5 X 2e^2/h in zero magnetic field, the value expected for an ideal spin-split sub-band. Our results suggest the dominant mechanism through which electrons interact can be strongly affected by the length of the 1D region.Comment: 5 Pages, 4 figure

Challenges to Satellite Sensors of Ocean Winds: Addressing Precipitation Effects

Measurements of global ocean surface winds made by orbiting satellite radars have provided valuable information to the oceanographic and meteorological communities since the launch of the Seasat in 1978, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). When Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) was launched in 1999, it ushered in a new era of dual-polarized, pencil-beam, higher-resolution scatterometers for measuring the global ocean surface winds from space. A constant limitation on the full utilization of scatterometer-derived winds is the presence of isolated rain events, which affect about 7% of the observations. The vector wind sensors, the Ku-band scatterometers [NASA\u27s SeaWinds on the QuikSCAT and Midori-II platforms and Indian Space Research Organisation\u27s (ISRO\u27s) Ocean Satellite (Oceansat)-2], and the current C-band scatterometer [Advanced Wind Scatterometer (ASCAT), on the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)\u27s Meteorological Operation (MetOp) platform] all experience rain interference, but with different characteristics. Over this past decade, broad-based research studies have sought to better understand the physics of the rain interference problem, to search for methods to bypass the problem (using rain detection, flagging, and avoidance of affected areas), and to develop techniques to improve the quality of the derived wind vectors that are adversely affected by rain. This paper reviews the state of the art in rain flagging and rain correction and describes many of these approaches, methodologies, and summarizes the results

Field dependence of magnetization reversal by spin transfer

We analyse the effect of the applied field (Happl) on the current-driven magnetization reversal in pillar-shaped Co/Cu/Co trilayers, where we observe two different types of transition between the parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) magnetic configurations of the Co layers. If Happl is weaker than a rather small threshold value, the transitions between P and AP are irreversible and relatively sharp. For Happl exceding the threshold value, the same transitions are progressive and reversible. We show that the criteria for the stability of the P and AP states and the experimentally observed behavior can be precisely accounted for by introducing the current-induced torque of the spin transfer models in a Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation. This approach also provides a good description for the field dependence of the critical currents

Ferromagnetic Domain Distribution in Thin Films During Magnetization Reversal

We have shown that polarized neutron reflectometry can determine in a model-free way not only the mean magnetization of a ferromagnetic thin film at any point of a hysteresis cycle, but also the mean square dispersion of the magnetization vectors of its lateral domains. This technique is applied to elucidate the mechanism of the magnetization reversal of an exchange-biased Co/CoO bilayer. The reversal process above the blocking temperature is governed by uniaxial domain switching, while below the blocking temperature the reversal of magnetization for the trained sample takes place with substantial domain rotation

Large microwave generation from d.c. driven magnetic vortex oscillators in magnetic tunnel junctions

Spin polarized current can excite the magnetization of a ferromagnet through the transfer of spin angular momentum to the local spin system. This pure spin-related transport phenomena leads to alluring possibilities for the achievement of a nanometer scale, CMOS compatible and tunable microwave generator operating at low bias for future wireless communications. Microwave emission generated by the persitent motion of magnetic vortices induced by spin transfer effect seems to be a unique manner to reach appropriate spectral linewidth. However, in metallic systems, where such vortex oscillations have been observed, the resulting microwave power is much too small. Here we present experimental evidences of spin-transfer induced core vortex precessions in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions with similar good spectral quality but an emitted power at least one order of magnitude stronger. More importantly, unlike to others spin transfer excitations, the thorough comparison between experimental results and models provide a clear textbook illustration of the mechanisms of vortex precessions induced by spin transfer

Oscillatory Exchange Coupling and Positive Magnetoresistance in Epitaxial Oxide Heterostructures

Oscillations in the exchange coupling between ferromagnetic $La_{2/3}Ba_{1/3}MnO_3$ layers with paramagnetic $LaNiO_3$ spacer layer thickness has been observed in epitaxial heterostructures of the two oxides. This behavior is explained within the RKKY model employing an {\it ab initio} calculated band structure of $LaNiO_3$, taking into account strong electron scattering in the spacer. Antiferromagnetically coupled superlattices exhibit a positive current-in-plane magnetoresistance.Comment: 4 pages (RevTeX), 5 figures (EPS