Livestock and Local Development: Going to a New Humananimal Relationship

Along the past ten years, the French National Agency for Research (ANR) has financed projects regarding livestock. Results of five projects were gathered to understand the long-term livestock trends. At the end of the 19th century, animal breeding was oriented towards the production of goods to meet the local, regional, national and global demand, according to the zone. The market gradually became the key-factor to norm both production and consumption. It is now integrating environmental norms and is starting to invest in the social domain. However, this economical vision of animal production does not take into account the other functions of livestock, from “farm fork” to “table fork”. So, in parallel to the multi-functionality of livestock at the farm level, which is mentioned by several authors, livestock has a significant role at the local scale. Furthermore, in the past four decades, animal production sector has known several serious scandals with severe consequences in human health. At the same time, the FAO scoop in 2006 about the significant environmental impact of animal breeding has chocked a large part of the human society. Hence, in parallel to the discredit of animal production towards the consumers, these successive crises have led a part of the local and global society to question the human-animal relationship. In this way, a large part of the urban population with no contact with the rural world, would easily believe in animal welfare, and break the supply chain leading to the slaughterhouse. And to confirm this trend, research institutes are already seeking alternatives to meat and animal proteins. Consequently, maybe it is time now to think imagine other farming systems based on other human-animal relationships and other environment-society interactions; and perhaps to establish an adequate set of policies to strengthen this perspective

EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) : Study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369

Elevage et territoire : vers une nouvelle relation homme-animal

International audienceAlong the past ten years, the French National Agency for Research (ANR) has financed projects regarding livestock. Results of five projects were gathered to understand the long-term livestock trends. At the end of the 19th century, animal breeding was oriented towards the production of goods to meet the local, regional, national and global demand, according to the zone. The market gradually became the key-factor to norm both production and consumption. It is now integrating environmental norms and is starting to invest in the social domain. However, this economical vision of animal production does not take into account the other functions of livestock, from “farm fork” to “table fork”. So, in parallel to the multi-functionality of livestock at the farm level, which is mentioned by several authors, livestock has a significant role at the local scale. Furthermore, in the past four decades, animal production sector has known several serious scandals with severe consequences in human health. At the same time, the FAO scoop in 2006 about the significant environmental impact of animal breeding has chocked a large part of the human society. Hence, in parallel to the discredit of animal production towards the consumers, these successive crises have led a part of the local and global society to question the human-animal relationship. In this way, a large part of the urban population with no contact with the rural world, would easily believe in animal welfare, and break the supply chain leading to the slaughterhouse. And to confirm this trend, research institutes are already seeking alternatives to meat and animal proteins. Consequently, maybe it is time now to think imagine other farming systems based on other human-animal relationships and other environment-society interactions; and perhaps to establish an adequate set of policies to strengthen this perspective.Dans les 10 dernières années, l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche a soutenu financièrement cinq projets concernant l’élevage. Les résultats de ces cinq projets (ECOTERA, MOUVE, REVALTER, TRANS, AVITER) sont rassemblés pour comprendre les dynamiques de l’élevage sur le long terme. À la fin du XIXème siècle, l'élevage était orienté vers la production de biens pour répondre à la demande locale, régionale, nationale et mondiale, selon la zone. Le marché est progressivement devenu le facteur clé pour normaliser à la fois la production et la consommation. Il intègre désormais des normes environnementales et commence à investir le domaine social. Cependant, cette vision économique de la production animale ne prend pas en compte les autres fonctions de l’élevage, "de la fourche" à la "fourchette". Ainsi, parallèlement à la multi-fonctionnalité de l’élevage au niveau de l’exploitation agricole, qui est mentionnée par plusieurs auteurs, l’élevage a un rôle significatif à l'échelle locale. En outre, dans les quatre dernières décennies, le secteur de la production animale a connu plusieurs scandales importants avec des conséquences graves sur la santé humaine. Dans le même temps, l’alerte de la FAO en 2006 sur l'impact environnemental de l’élevage a suscité un choc pour une grande partie de la société humaine. En parallèle au discrédit de la production animale vis-à-vis des consommateurs, ces crises successives ont poussé une partie de la société locale et mondiale à questionner la relation homme-animal. Une grande partie de la population urbaine, sans contact avec le monde rural, voudrait croire au bien-être animal et casser les filières animales menant aux abattoirs. En confirmation de cette tendance, des instituts de recherche se préoccupent déjà de rechercher des alternatives à la viande et aux protéines animales. En conséquence, il est peut-être temps maintenant de concevoir d'autres systèmes de production agricole basés sur d'autres relations homme-animal et sur d'autres interactions environnement-société et d’élaborer un ensemble adéquat de politiques pour renforcer cette perspective

Caractérisation de la diversité des exploitations laitières au Vietnam : implication méthodologique pour la mise en place d'un réseau d'observation des élevages

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