Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and their effects during female puberty: A review of current evidence

Puberty is the process of physical changes between childhood and adulthood during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is considered one of the main temporal windows of susceptibility for the influence of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs may act as single chemical agents or as chemical mixtures; they can be pubertal influencers, accelerating and anticipating the processing of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have started to point out how exposure to EDCs during puberty may predispose to breast cancer later in life. In fact, the estrogen-mimicking endocrine disruptors (EEDs) may influence breast tissue development during puberty in two main ways: the first is the action on the proliferation of the breast stromal cells, the second concerns epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review was to better highlight what is new and what is not completely known regarding the role of EDCs during puberty

Oral Feeding Competences of Healthy Preterm Infants: A Review

Background. With increasing sophistication and technology, survival rates hugely improved among preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Nutrition and feeding remain a challenge and preterm infants are at high risk of encountering oral feeding difficulties. Objective. To determine what facts may impact on oral feeding readiness and competence and which kind of interventions should enhance oral feeding performance in preterm infants. Search Strategy. MEDILINE database was explored and articles relevant to this topic were collected starting from 2009 up to 2011. Main Results. Increasingly robust alertness prior to and during feeding does positively impact the infant's feeding Skills. The review found that oral and non-oral sensorimotor interventions, provided singly or in combination, shortened the transition time to independent oral feeding in preterm infants and that preterm infants who received a combined oral and sensorimotor intervention demonstrated more advanced nutritive sucking, suck-swallow and swallow-respiration coordination than those who received an oral or sensorimotor intervention singly

Cerebral Palsy:Early Markers of Clinical Phenotype and Functional Outcome

The Prechtl General Movement Assessment (GMA) has become a cornerstone assessment in early identification of cerebral palsy (CP), particularly during the fidgety movement period at 3-5 months of age. Additionally, assessment of motor repertoire, such as antigravity movements and postural patterns, which form the Motor Optimality Score (MOS), may provide insight into an infant's later motor function. This study aimed to identify early specific markers for ambulation, gross motor function (using the Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS), topography (unilateral, bilateral), and type (spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, and hypotonic) of CP in a large worldwide cohort of 468 infants. We found that 95% of children with CP did not have fidgety movements, with 100% having non-optimal MOS. GMFCS level was strongly correlated to MOS. An MOS > 14 was most likely associated with GMFCS outcomes I or II, whereas GMFCS outcomes IV or V were hardly ever associated with an MOS > 8. A number of different movement patterns were associated with more severe functional impairment (GMFCS III-V), including atypical arching and persistent cramped-synchronized movements. Asymmetrical segmental movements were strongly associated with unilateral CP. Circular arm movements were associated with dyskinetic CP. This study demonstrated that use of the MOS contributes to understanding later CP prognosis, including early markers for type and severity

Quality management, accreditation and certification processes in C-L Psychiatry.

Not availabl

La valutazione della qualità

Not availabl

Tre tipi particolari di urgenze in psichiatria di consultazione

attività di PdC in ospedale generale nell'urgenz

GENETIC DISSIMILARITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF SNAP BEANS BASED ON YIELD AND PRODUCTION COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean belong to the same botanical Family and species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), however is classified as a vegetable because its immature pods with tenuous grains are the consumed part, thus is essential the obtaining of genotypes that ally high yields and great pod quality. An alternative, which has been used to direct new improvement programs, is the study of genetic dissimilarity (Freiria et al., 2016). The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic dissimilarity of tem snap beans genotypes based on yield and production components, with the intent to identify the most promising crosses. MATARIAL & METHODS: The rehearsal was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), located in latitude of 23º19’41.00” S, longitude of 51º12’18.19” W and altitude of 590 meters (Londrina, Parana state, Brazil). The design was completely randomized blocks with three repetitions, being each treatment composed by the tem genotypes of snap beans: Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 1, UEL 2, T1, T3, T13, T24, T25, T39 and T41. Each parcel was composed by four lines (4m length) with a spacing of 0.50m between lines and were considered as borders the two external and 0.50m from the extremities of the central lines. The seedling was in March 18th 2016 and the harvest realized in June 10th of the same year (fall/winter cultivation). Were measured the characteristics: Yield of pods (kg ha-1), unitary pod´s fresh mass (g), number of pods per plant, pods diameter (mm) and length of pods (cm). For the dissimilarity analysis, the Mahalanobis generalized distance was estimated and was proceeded the cluster of UPGMA. The relative contribution of the characters was estimated based on Singh (1981). Also was made the main compounds analysis