Working Partnership USA: The Latest Initiative for a Council On the Cutting Edge

[Excerpt] Inject a dose of innovation and a lot of hard work, and there are over 600 local labor councils across the United States which can be jumpstarted to play pivotal roles in labor\u27s rebirth. Our experience in Santa Clara County (San Jose and Silicon Valley, California) demonstrates what can be accomplished when a central body moves aggressively to realize its full promise. New initiatives such as establishing a non-profit called Working Partnerships USA to promote an economic justice agenda, and forming the South Bay Campaign Management Institute to train and support labor\u27s candidates are rapidly becoming effective vehicles for political action, economic development, and community organizing

Lighting constraints on lunar surface operations

An investigation into the levels of ambient lighting on the lunar surface indicates that for most nearside locations, illumination will be adequate throughout most of the lunar night to conduct EVAs with only minor artificial illumination. The maximum lighting available during the lunar night from Earthshine will be similar to the light level on a July evening at approximately 8:00 pm in the southern United States (approximately 15 minutes after sunset). Because of the captured rotation of the Moon about the Earth, the location of the Earth will remain approximately constant throughout the lunar night, with consequent constant shadow length and angle. Variations in the level of Earthside illumination will be solely a function of Earth phase angle. Experience during the Apollo Program suggests that EVA activities during the period around the lunar noon may be difficult due to lack of surface definition caused by elimination of shadows

Competing Conceptions of Risk

Recent literature is said to reflect growing acknowledgment of multiple conceptions of risk but often to obscure an important distinction. Building on work of Kristin Shrader-Frechette, the authors explore the potential for debate over competing philosophical conceptions of risk

Air-bridge microbolometer for far-infrared detection

A new microbolometer for far-infrared detection has been fabricated that allows an increase in sensitivity of a factor of 4 over the best previously reported bolometer. By suspending the detector in the air above its substrate a reduction in the thermal conductance out of the device by a factor of 5 has been achieved. At a modulation frequency of 100 kHz this microbolometer has an electrical noise equivalent power of 2.8×10^−11 W(Hz)^−1/2. A thermal model is also presented that accurately fits the response of the detector

Self-heated thermocouples for far-infrared detection

A novel self-heated Bi-Sb thermocouple for far-infrared detection has been developed. The detector is suitable for integration with monolithic antennas and imaging arrays. The device is fabricated in a single photolithography masking step using a photoresist-bridge technique. This bridge technique has also been used to make microbolometers with lower 1/f noise than those made by two conventional masking steps. The thermocouples have a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 7×10^−10 W/(√Hz) and a 3-dB frequency response of 150 kHz

ECONOMIES OF SIZE AMONG MUNICIPAL WATER AUTHORITIES IN PENNSYLVANIA

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

An electromechanical attenuator/actuator for Space Station docking

The development of a docking system for aerospace vehicles has identified the need for reusable and variably controlled attenuators/actuators for energy absorption and compliance. One approach to providing both the attenuator and the actuator functions is by way of an electromechanical attenuator/actuator (EMAA) as opposed to a hydraulic system. The use of the electromechanical devices is considered to be more suitable for a space environment because of the absence of contamination from hydraulic fluid leaks and because of the cost effectiveness of maintenance. A smart EMAA that uses range/rate/attitude sensor information to preadjust a docking interface to eliminate misalignments and to minimize contact and stroking forces is described. A prototype EMAA was fabricated and is being tested and evaluated. Results of preliminary testing and analysis already performed have established confidence that this concept is feasible and will provide the desired reliability and low maintenance for repetitive long term operation typical of Space Station requirements

Carbocations and the Complex Flavor and Bouquet of Wine: Mechanistic Aspects of Terpene Biosynthesis in Wine Grapes.

Computational chemistry approaches for studying the formation of terpenes/terpenoids in wines are presented, using five particular terpenes/terpenoids (1,8-cineole, α-ylangene, botrydial, rotundone, and the wine lactone), volatile compounds (or their precursors) found in wine and/or wine grapes, as representative examples. Through these examples, we show how modern computational quantum chemistry can be employed as an effective tool for assessing the validity of proposed mechanisms for terpene/terpenoid formation

Discipline And Due Process In The Workplace

In the article - Discipline and Due Process in the Workplace – by Edwin B. Dean, Assistant Professor, the School of Hospitality Management at Florida International University, Assistant Professor Dean prefaces his article with the statement: “Disciplining employees is often necessary for the maintenance of an effective operation. The author discusses situations which require discipline and methods of handling employees, including the need for rules and due process.” In defining what constitutes appropriate discipline and what doesn’t, Dean says, “Fair play is the keystone to discipline in the workplace. Discrimination, caprice, favoritism, and erratic and inconsistent discipline can be costly and harmful to employee relations, and often are a violation of law.” Violation of law is a key phrase in this statement. The author offers a short primer on tact in regard to disciplining an employee. “Discipline must be tailored to the individual,” Dean offers a pearl of wisdom. “A frown for one can cause a tearful outbreak; another employee may need the proverbial two-by-four in order to get his attention.” This is a perceptive comment, indeed, and one in which most would concede but not all would follow. Dean presents a simple outline for steps in the disciplinary process by submitting this suggestion for your approval: “The steps in the disciplinary process begin perhaps with a friendly warning or word of advice. The key here is friendly,” Dean declares. “It could progress to an oral or written reprimand, followed by a disciplinary layoff, terminating in that equivalent of capital punishment, discharge.” Ouch [!]; in order from lenient to strident. Dean suggests these steps are necessary in order to maintain decorum in the workplace. Assistant Professor Dean references the Weingarter Rule. It is a rule that although significant, most employees, at least non-union employees, don’t know is in their quiver. “If an interview is likely to result in discipline, the employee is entitled to have a representative present, whether a union is involved or not,” the rule states. “The employer is not obligated to inform the employee of the rule, but he is obligated to honor the employee\u27s request, if made,” Dean explains. Dean makes an interesting point by revealing that a termination often reflects as much on the institution as it does the employee suffering the termination. The author goes on to list several infractions that could warrant an employee disciplinary action, with possible approaches toward each. Dean also cautions against capricious disciplinary action; if not handled properly a discipline could and can result in a lawsuit against the institution itself

Prediction of VO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e Peak Using Sub-Maximum Bench Step Test in Children

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from data collected during a submaximum bench stepping test among children ages 8-12 years. Twentyseven active subjects (16 male and 11 female), weight 36.1 kg, height 144.4 cm and VO2 47.4 ± 7.9 ml/kg/min participated. Subjects completed a maximal oxygen consumption test with analysis of expired air and a submaximal bench stepping test. A formula to predict VO2max was developed from height, resting heart rate and heart rate response during the submaximum bench stepping test. This formula accounted for 71% of the variability in maximal oxygen consumption and is the first step in verifying the validity of the submaximum bench stepping test to predict VO2max. VO2max = -2.354 + (Height in cm * 0.065) + (Resting Heart Rate * 0.008) + (Step Test Average Heart Rate as a Percentage of Resting Heart Rate * -0.870