Perfect transfer of coherent state-based qubits via coupled cavities

Motivated by the need for communication of coherent state-based qubits in quantum computers, we introduce a method for perfect transferring of an arbitrary superposition of coherent states between two distant nodes of a linear array of three semiconductor QDs. The QDs trapped in a system of coupled cavities. In this method, the field mode of the cavities, as the resource of transferring of quantum states, are only virtually excited which minimizes the effect of decoherence due to photon loss.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0211055 by other author

Massive malignant pleural effusion due to lung adenocarcinoma in 13-year-old boy

A 13-year-old boy with no risk factors for lung cancer presented with a massive left-sided pleural effusion and a mediastinal shift on chest radiography and computed tomography. A chest tube drained bloody pleural fluid with an exudative pattern. A pleural biopsy and wedge biopsy of the left lower lobe revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma in the left lower lobe wedge biopsy and metastatic adenocarcinoma in the pleural biopsy. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is planned after shrinkage of the tumor. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is very rarely seen in teenagers or children, especially in the absence of risk factors. © SAGE Publications

Study on ITS1 Gene of Iranian Trichomonas vaginalis by Molecular Methods

Background: Trichomoniasis is a worldwide protozoan parasitic disease and metronidazole is a choice drug for its treatment. Because of disease importance in public health and its controversial ideas about the prevalence of drug resistance, this study was carried out.Methods: Fifty-two suspected vaginal samples were collected from 2006 to 2007 in Gynecology Maryam Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All isolates were examined by microscopic, culture and PCR tech­niques. The PCR products were analyzed by RFLP and CSGE methods and two suspected samples were sequenced.Results: Trichomonas vaginalis was identified from all 52 samples. Of 52 isolates, 45 samples were successfully cultured and amplified by PCR except one. Seven were positive only by PCR. Finally, ITS1 fragment was successfully amplified in 51 of 52. CSGE analysis and PCR products di­gestion by MspI followed by sequencing showed nucleotide mutation at position 209 (C209T) of the ITS1 fragment in two (3.9%) of them.Conclusion: The results showed mutation in ITS1 fragment of T. vaginalis in two (3.9%) of Ira­nian isolates which may be related to metronidazole resistance

Determination of distribution of icsA gene and IcsA protein bands between Shigella flexneri isolated from 3 hospitals in Tehran

Introduction: Shigella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses the host actin cytoskeleton protein for intra- and intercellular spread. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of icsA gene and IcsA expressed protein bands among Shigella flexneri strains isolated from 3 clinical centers in Tehran. Material and Methods: Two hundred and seventy five isolated Shigella flexneri strains were identified by standard microbiological and biochemical methods. DNA isolation was performed using sodium perchlorate method. Hot start-PCR was done with 2 pairs of primers and the products were separated through agarose gel (0.8) in TAE buffer. DNA fragments were visualized by ethidium bromide staining under UV illumination. Whole membrane preparation was used to examine the protein profiles and identification of probable IcsA (120-kda) protein band by SDS-PAGE. Results: From 100 isolated Shigella flexneri strains, both bands of 1600 bp and 1709 bp were detected in 46 isolates (46). A 120 kDa band which seems to be related to IcsA protein was detected in 46 isolates (46). The protein bands varied between 30 and 150 kDa. Discussion: IcsA is both necessary and sufficient for actin assembly in Shigella flexneri. Since icsA gene and IcsA protein band were not found in all Shigella strains, it seems that not all strains have the same pathogenesis. On the other hand, since the demonstration of icsA gene by PCR in all Shigella strains (46) corresponded to the presence of a 120 kDa protein band by SDS-PAGE (46), it seems that both tests may confirm each other. However, the PCR may be more accurate than SDS-PAGE

Detection of Drug Resistance Gene in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by PCR in Some Endemic Areas of Iran

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a health problem in many rural and urban regions of Iran and drug resistance has emerged as a major impediment in the treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to determine the drug resistance gene in cutaneous leishmaniasis by PCR in some endemic areas of Iran. Methods: Ninety seven samples were collected from ulcers of leishmaniasis patients from some endemic areas of Iran. The Giemsa stained samples were examined microscopically and cultured in NNN and RPMI 1640 mediums for parasite detection. After DNA extraction, PCR was done by a pair of specific primers. For detection of mutation in DNA, first PCR products were electrophoresed on CSGE gel. The suspected samples were compared by sequencing and RFLP results were demonstrated. Comparison of DNA derived from a wild type cell and mutant cell was undertaken by CSGE and sequencing methods. Results: Among 90 isolates (92.8) examined for detection of mutation in gene with CSGE and RFLP, 10 (11.1) revealed a disorder in sequencing selection for unresponsive to drug. Conclusion: Drug resistance in cutaneous leishmaniasis to sodium stiboglocanat is probably due to a mutation in a genome. A field study is needed to determine the distribution of drug resistance and other gene mutations involved in unresponsiveness to drugs in leishmaniasis endemic areas of Iran. © Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Microbial quality of some herbal solid dosage forms

Herbal remedies are widely used for the treatment and prevention of various diseases and often contain highly active pharmacological compounds. These products have the potential of contamination withdifferent microorganisms. This is due to raw materials contamination and unhygienic production conditions. In this study, microbiological quality of some herbal solid dosage forms from public markets, in the city of Sari, Iran was examined. 20 herbal products as tablet, powder and capsule wereprepared. The products were evaluated for microbial contamination by USP (United States Pharmacopoeia) microbial limit test for enumeration and identification. Total aerobic count showed that all products had more than 1100 microorganism per gram. Isolation and identification of microbialcontamination showed that all the samples were contaminated with Salmonella sp. and there was no evidence for contamination of the samples by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. In conclusion, all the samples of herbal drugs evaluated did not generally meet the standards for microbial limits as specified in official monographs. Such products can adversely affect health status of consumers as well as the stability of the products

Gene 18s rRNA variation of cuttlefish population (Sepia pharaonis) in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using PCR-RFLP method

We used PCR-RFLP method to identify cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) populations in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Bottom trawling method was used to collect a range of 20 to 40 specimens from each 15 stations in the study area. Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method and one pair primer was designed for the analysis based on 1 Ss rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. A PCR product with 502 pair bases in length was obtained for all specimens and subjected to digestion by eight restriction enzymes Alui, Tacit, MO, Rsal, Hinalli, Dral, Prull and Mien DNA banding, patterns in all specimens were similar and no polymorphism was detected among them. We conclude that cuttlefish populations cannot be isolated using 18s rRNA gene extracts in the area of study

Medical Malpractice in Cardiovascular Surgery; Cases Referred to Tehran Forensic Medicine Organization during 2011-13

Background: Cardiovascular surgeries are a most common and important surgeries in Iran and because of its high risk nature, the outcome is not always satisfactory, so could lead to a complaint. In recent years, there has been an increase in complaints against cardiovascular surgeons. Aim of current study was to determine the frequency of medical malpractice in the field of cardiovascular surgery in the cases referred to the Tehran forensic medicine commission.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, all malpractice cases referred to the forensic medicine commissions in Tehran with regard to the field of cardiovascular surgery during 2011-2013 were collected. Information such as age, sex, type of hospital (state or private), type of cardiosurgery, type of malpractice, percentage of malpractice, cause of death, and background diseases were extracted and then analyzed.Results: Of the 56 cases, the frequency of malpractice was 27 cases (48.2 %) and the most important type of malpractice was negligence (32.2%) and the majority of cases were related to private centers. The most common malpractice was related to coronary artery disease and the main cause of complaint was the patient death (76.8%). 54.5% of malpractice rate was in men and in patients older than 60 years (67%) which was higher than other age groups. There was no significant association between age and sex with malpractice.Conclusion: Despite improvement in medical technology and the use of advanced techniques in the diagnosis and treatment, the complaint rate of cardiovascular surgeons is increasing. In addition to optimizing cardiovascular surgical techniques, informing the patient and his/her companions about the side effects of these high risk surgeries can be effective in prevention of malpractice and physician mistakes