2,203 research outputs found
Polarization Switching Dynamics Governed by Thermodynamic Nucleation Process in Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films
A long standing problem of domain switching process - how domains nucleate -
is examined in ultrathin ferroelectric films. We demonstrate that the large
depolarization fields in ultrathin films could significantly lower the
nucleation energy barrier (U*) to a level comparable to thermal energy (kBT),
resulting in power-law like polarization decay behaviors. The "Landauer's
paradox": U* is thermally insurmountable is not a critical issue in the
polarization switching of ultrathin ferroelectric films. We empirically find a
universal relation between the polarization decay behavior and U*/kBT.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Phantom for Evaluating Accuracy of Image Registration Software
Provided is a phantom for evaluating the accuracy of image registration software based on a result of matching tomograms of a predetermined position of the phantom, taken using two or more imaging apparatuses. Accordingly, it is possible to more efficiently evaluate the accuracy of the image registration software by comparing the tomograms with one another using a three-dimensional analysis. In addition, it is possible to facilitate the comparison of the tomograms with one another by installing a plurality of indicating bars in the phantom so that their cross sections can appear on each of the tomograms
Blowup Criterion for the Compressible Flows with Vacuum States
We prove that the maximum norm of the deformation tensor of velocity
gradients controls the possible breakdown of smooth(strong) solutions for the
3-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, which will happen, for
example, if the initial density is compactly supported \cite{X1}. More
precisely, if a solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations is
initially regular and loses its regularity at some later time, then the loss of
regularity implies the growth without bound of the deformation tensor as the
critical time approaches. Our result is the same as Ponce's criterion for
3-dimensional incompressible Euler equations (\cite{po}). Moreover, our method
can be generalized to the full Compressible Navier-Stokes system which improve
the previous results. In addition, initial vacuum states are allowed in our
cases.Comment: 17 page
A generalization of the Heine--Stieltjes theorem
We extend the Heine-Stieltjes Theorem to concern all (non-degenerate)
differential operators preserving the property of having only real zeros. This
solves a conjecture of B. Shapiro. The new methods developed are used to
describe intricate interlacing relations between the zeros of different pairs
of solutions. This extends recent results of Bourget, McMillen and Vargas for
the Heun equation and answers their question on how to generalize their results
to higher degrees. Many of the results are new even for the classical case.Comment: 12 pages, typos corrected and refined the interlacing theorem
A Blow-Up Criterion for Classical Solutions to the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations
In this paper, we obtain a blow up criterion for classical solutions to the
3-D compressible Naiver-Stokes equations just in terms of the gradient of the
velocity, similar to the Beal-Kato-Majda criterion for the ideal incompressible
flow. In addition, initial vacuum is allowed in our case.Comment: 25 page
Palm kernel expellers as an alternative ingredient in growing pig diets
This study evaluated the effects of palm kernel expellers in growing diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass and meat quality characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 88 growing pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups. The control diet (CON) was a typical growing or finishing diet based on corn-soybean meal, and the treatment diet (PKE) was formulated by replacing CON with 20% palm kernel expellers. The PKE-CON group was fed the PKE diet during the growing period (six weeks) and the CON diet during the finishing period (12 weeks). The CON-CON group was fed the CON diets during both growing and finishing periods. The PKE-CON group showed significantly depressed growth performance and lower nutrient digestibility than the CON-CON group during the growing period. However, after feeding the typical finisher diets during the finishing period, the PKE-CON group showed no difference in growth performance in comparison with the CON-CON group during both the finishing and overall experimental periods. In addition, carcass and meat quality characteristics were not significantly different between the PKE-CON and the CON-CON groups. The results of this study imply that palm kernel expellers can be an alternative ingredient in the growing diets of growing-finishing pigs if the combined feeding strategy (PKE for the growing period and CON for the finishing period) is used.Keywords: Feed alternatives, growing pig diet, growth performance, meat quality traits, palm kernel expelle
Mechanism Study of Thermally Induced Anti-Tumor Drug Loading to Engineered Human Heavy-Chain Ferritin Nanocages Aided by Computational Analysis
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Diverse drug loading approaches for human heavy-chain ferritin (HFn), a promising drug nanocarrier, have been established. However, anti-tumor drug loading ratio and protein carrier recovery yield are bottlenecks for future clinical application. Mechanisms behind drug loading have not been elaborated. In this work, a thermally induced drug loading approach was introduced to load anti-tumor drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) into HFn, and 2 functionalized HFns, HFn-PAS-RGDK, and HFn-PAS. Optimal conditions were obtained through orthogonal tests. All 3 HFn-based proteins achieved high protein recovery yield and drug loading ratio. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed the majority of DOX loaded protein (protein/DOX) remained its nanocage conformation. Computational analysis, molecular docking followed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, revealed mechanisms of DOX loading and formation of by-product by investigating non-covalent interactions between DOX with HFn subunit and possible binding modes of DOX and HFn after drug loading. In in vitro tests, DOX in protein/DOX entered tumor cell nucleus and inhibited tumor cell growth.joint Ph.D. Scholarship Scheme of the University of Adelaide and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 21576267]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [Grant Number 2162041]
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