Trends of etiology and treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma over the years

Background: HCC has been the fastest-growing cause of cancer-related deaths. The aim of this study was to investigate the change trends in the etiology, treatment and mortality of HCC over the last 12 years.Methods: The study included 523 patients who were admitted to our clinic with the diagnosis of primary malignancy of the liver between 2006-2018. Demographic data, HCC etiologies, alpha feto-protein (AFP) values and imaging characteristics were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups as diagnosed before 2013 and 2013 and later. Because the number of patients with alcohol and HBV was high, it was evaluated as a separate etiology group. HCC was accepted related to NASH in the patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) after exclusion of HBV, HCV, and autoimmune hepatitis. The patients without obesity and DM were accepted as cryptogenic HCC and added to other etiologies group.Results: When the patients were evaluated, there was a significant increase in the rate of patients who were in compensated cirrhosis stage and in UCSF criteria in and 2013 and later (p = 0.0001, p = 0.037, respectively). A significant increase was observed in the ratio of NASH-related HCC 2013 and later (p = 0.032). Transplantation, resection and RFA / PEI rates were 14.9% before 2013 and 22.2% 2013 and later (p = 0.047).Conclusions: The rates of NAFLD related HCC due to diabetes and obesity are increasing. Knowing the change of HCC causes over the years is necessary for the effective treatment for these reasons in the future

Prehabilitation Before Lumpectomy Can Prevent Loss of Range of Motion

Case Diagnosis: On intake exam, patient reported twenty year history of shoulder pain and history of bilateral subacromial bursitis . On the day of the exam, she rated her left shoulder pain (ipsilateral to breast cancer) at 2/10. Physical exam showed tenderness over left subacromial bursa, pain with resisted shoulder abduction and external rotation and ROM limited 120 degrees or less bilaterally.Case Description: Here, we report the case of a 73 year old woman with a 20 year history of bilateral subacromial bursitis and left shoulder pain who began an independent daily shoulder exercise regimen as instructed by a physiatrist 2.5 weeks prior to left sided lumpectomy for breast cancer, and continued the exercises following the operation. One month post-surgery, physical exam revealed no loss in range of motion (ROM) in flexion and abduction of the left and right shoulders. Patient reported intermittent pain, manageable with NSAIDs, which started only after tamoxifen use. Discussion: Decline in physical functioning such as loss of ROM, decreased strength, and pain following surgery for breast cancer is a well-documented phenomenon associated with difficulties in performing activities of daily living (ADL). Studies have shown that rehabilitation interventions during treatment period following breast cancer surgery result in improvements in shoulder and arm function; however, no study to date investigated the effectiveness of interventions initiated before surgery (prehabilitation) for breast cancer.Conclusions: A daily exercise regimen prior to and following lumpectomy for breast cancer may prevent the development of shoulder dysfunction that is often reported in the cancer treatment period

Effect of Isatis spp. Extraction on the Growth of Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans

In this study, The crude extraction of Isatis spp. (I.tinctoria, I.busichaina and I. lusitanica) were investigated for their antifungal activity. Each of methanol, ethanol, and H2O was used as a solvent. Due to find the most effective part of each species, the plant parts were used separately. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the natural product on two common pathogenic fungi Aspergillus niger & Candida albicans. The results show that most of the used plants have a significant effect on both used fungal species. Extracted each of flower, I. tinctoria was shown the best results comparing to the other used species. Extracted leaf and flower of I. tinctoria by methanol was show the best result on Aspergillus niger & Candida albicans. The growth zone was around 90mm for control and  61mm at 75% concentration of methanolic and ethanolic extraction. The flower was for followed by the stem. Depend on the results, the methanol was shown the highest number, then ethanol and the lowest inhibition zone area was for H2O extraction.  &nbsp

A check list of opisthobranch snails of the Karachi coast

The check list deals with 44 species of opisthobranchs belonging to Cephalaspidea (12 species), Anaspidea (4 species), Sacoglossa (4 species), Notaspidea, (2 species) and Nudibranchia (21 species), collected from Pakistan coast of northern Arabian Sea

An Experiment in Visual Ethnography

This paper is an output from my attendance at an ESRC-funded ‘Live Sociology’ course at Goldsmiths College, London in 2006. The material here is based on a photography exercise and on discussions that took place during the workshop sessions.This paper discusses a one-day exercise in visual ethnography using a digital camera to take photographs of Deptford in South East London. For me, this represented an experiment in using photography in social research.ESR

Alkali Treatment to Maximize Adhesion of Polypyrrole Coatings for Electro-Conductive Textile Materials

In this paper polyester fabrics were pretreated with alkaline solution to improve the ability for the fabric surface to bond with polypyrrole (PPy) coating layer. In situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer was performed on alkali treated polyester fabrics. Then the fabrics were characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. The tensile properties of the yarns in both warp and weft directions were measured after alkali treatment and PPy coating processes. The abrasion resistance test was performed on PPy coated fabrics with and without alkali treatment. The surface electrical resistivity of PPy coated fabrics were searched. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) properties of fabrics in terms of reflection, absorption and transmission behaviors were also investigated. A significant EMSE value increase (about 27%) was obtained with alkali treatment

That's a wrap!

Calibration technology provides us with a fast and elegant way to find the supergravity solutions for BPS wrapped M-branes. Its true potential had however remained untapped due to the absence of a classification of calibrations in spacetimes with non-trivial flux. The applications of this method were thus limited in practise to M-branes wrapping Kahler calibrated cycles. In this paper, we catagorize a type of generalised calibrations which exist in supergravity backgrounds and contain Kahler calibrations as a sub-class. This broadens the arena of brane configurations whose supergravity solutions are accessible through the calibration 'short-cut' method.Comment: 19 pages, typos correcte

M2-branes wrapped on holomorphic curves

The generalised calibration for a wrapped membrane is gauge equivalent to the supergravity three-form under which the membrane is electrically charged. Given the relevant calibration, one can go a long way towards constructing the supergravity solution for the wrapped brane. Applications of this method have been restricted since generalised calibrations have not yet been completely classified in spacetimes with non-vanishing flux. In this paper, we take a first step towards such a classification by studying membranes wrapping holomorphic curves. Supersymmetry preservation imposes a constraint on the Hermitean metric in the embedding space and it is found that this can be expressed as a restriction on possible generalised calibrations. Allowed calibrations in a particular spacetime are simply those which satisfy the constraint equation relevant to that background; in particular, we see that the previously considered Kahler calibrations are just a subclass of possible solutions.Comment: Discussion clarified, typos corrected, references updated. Results remain unchanged. 12 page

Theoretical and experimental study of (e,2e) ionization of the CO₂ (1π\u3csub\u3eg\u3c/sub\u3e) molecule at 250 eV

Triple differential cross sections (TDCSs) of the electron-impact ionization of carbon dioxide are measured in the coplanar asymmetric geometry, with incident electron energy value of 250eV, and ejected electron of 37eV. We will report the experimental results in comparison with the theoretical calculations of the M3DW and TCC (type 5) calculations

A Brane Teaser

In this note we study the puzzle posed by two M5-branes intersecting on a string (or equivalently, a single M5-brane wrapping a holomorphic four-cycle in C^4). It has been known for a while that this system is different from all other configurations built using self-intersecting M-branes; in particular the corresponding supergravity solution exhibits various curious features which have remained unexplained. We propose that the resolution to these puzzles lies in the existence of a non-zero two-form on the M5-brane world-volume.Comment: 21 pages. References adde