High density polyetylene (HDPE) - oil palm empty fruit bunch filled micro composites using melt blending process

In this research,  high density  polyetylene (HDPE) reinforced oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber micro composites to improve the mechanical properties were prepared using melt blending and hot press technique. Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber as a filler reduces in sizes 63, 75, 90, and 106 µm.  Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber were mixed with in 10 mL MAPE 8% (in xylene) solution up evenly. The variation composition ratio of HDPE in filler is : (80: 20, 70:30 60:40, 50:50). The good results showed that composite boards are tested viable filler and matrix ratio 30%:70%, 3.969 to 12.243 Mpa of tensile strength, the value of the melting point (Tm) of 400.05 to 497, 07oC for thermal properties, FT-IR analysis results indicate that the groups contained in the matrix and the filler is still present in the composite board products.The SEM photograph tests showed that the best products are the smallest filler size is 63 µm, and 4943.4 J/m2 ofImpact strength test obtained. The results of this study can be applied as part of an electronic element and the casing, because high heat resistance, is a semiconductor, not easily broken and durabl

Penyelidikan Karakteristik Lapisan Diamond Film Pahat Karbida terhadap Pembebanan Mekanik pada Pembubutan Kering

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi lapisan diamond-film yang digunakan sebagai bahan pelapis pahat karbida khususnya bahan pelapis (diamond-film CVD), sehubungan dengan adanya laporan penelitian perihal kegagalan fungsi dari bahan pelapis pahat karbida yang digunakan pada proses pemesinan kering bahan non-ferro metal pada awal proses pemotongan berlangsung (initial wear). Kajian karakteristik lapisan diamond-film pahat dilakukan melalui pendekatan beban mekanik melalui proses pemesinan kering menggunakan bahan paduan aluminium 6061. Kondisi pemotongan yaitu v= 350 m/min; f= 0.15 mm/put; a= 1.5 mm pada fasa Initial-wear (tc= 1.736 min). Uji beban mekanik menggunakan bahan uji berkekerasan berbeda, Aluminium 6061 (53.3 HRB/95 HV) dan AISI 1070 (93.3 HRB/200 HV), hasil pengujian pada bahan uji Aluminium 6061 diperoleh keadaan Aus-abrasive VB= 0.070 mm, dan pada bahan uji AISI 1070 diperoleh keadaan Aus tepi VB= 0.250 mm, analisa menggunakan scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan energy dispersive analysis X-Ray spectroscopy (EDAX), hasil pengujian diperoleh sebaran unsur pelapis diamond-film pada bahan uji Aluminium 6061 terhadap kondisi pemotongan diperoleh keadaan unsur material pelapis diamond film masih signifikan. Kemudian pada bahan uji AISI 1070 terhadap kedua kondisi pemotongan diperoleh keadaan unsur material pelapis diamond-film signifikan. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan beban mekanik tidak ditemukan peristiwa pengelupasan lapisan diamond-film pahat karbida, fenomena yang terjadi terhadap ketiga pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah peristiwa hilang bertahapnya sebagian volume material pelapis diamond-film yang melapisi material substrate akibat Aus pengikisan lapisan (abrasive-coating wear)

Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) gel has been obtained from TEMPO-oxidized differently treated lower part of empty fruit bunches (LEFB) of oil palm. Three kinds of materials were initially used: (i) α-cellulose, (ii) raw LEFB fiber two-times bleaching, and (iii) raw LEFB three-times bleaching. The obtained nanofibers (CNF1, CNF2 and CNF3, respectively) were then characterized using several methods, e.g. FT-IR, SEM, UV-Visible, TEM, XRD and TGA. The LEFB at different levels of bleaching showed that the Kappa number decreased with the increase of the bleaching levels. The decrease of lignin and hemicellulose content affected the increase of the yield of fibrillation and optical transmittance of CNF2 and CNF3 gels. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of lignin and hemicellulose in the CNF2 and CNF3 film. Based on TEM analysis, the lignin and hemicellulose content significantly affected the particle structure of CNFs, i.e. CNF1 was found as a bundle of fibril, while the CNF2 and CNF3 were visualized as individual fibers and interwoven nanofibril overlapping each other, respectively. The XRD data of the CNF’s film showed that CNF2 and CNF3 have a lower crystallinity index (CI) than CNF1. The presence of lignin and hemicellulose in the CNFs decreased its decomposition temperature

Pembuatan Plastik Kemasan Terbiodegradasikan Dari Polipropylena Tergrafting Anhidrid Maleat Dengan Bahan Pengisi Pati Sagu Kelapa Sawit

Palm sago starch has a big potential to be filler for biodegradable packaging material. Starch of palm sago starch can be extracted of the oil palm trunk. Grafted polypropylena with maleic unhidride by refluks method from 1g maleic unhidride, 0,1 g BPO and 10 g polypropylena with xylene as solvent made PP-g-MA. Mixed between PP-g-MA and PSKS (starch of the oil palm trunkl) with cross clamp method at temperatures 1700C for 20 minutes with variation PP-g-MA and PSKS were (99,5:0,5), (99:1), (98:2), (97:3), (96:4), (%w/w). As a comparison Shanghai brand commercial Tapioca with comparative variation (99,5:0,5) (99:1), (99:2) (%w/w). The reseach yield show that biodegradable packaging PP-g-MA and PSKS (97:3) the most optimum in mechanical characteritic; tensile strenght 16,010N/m2, elongation et break 8,5937%. At the comparison (98:2) tensil strenght 6,9410 N/m2, elongation et break 3,1875% same with tapioca commercial. According to biodegradable packaging requirement ISO 7188.7:2011 mixture containing thermoplastic, starch and elongation et break less than 5% can be used a raw material of plastic biodegradable. The research supported by SEM test, DTA test, FTIR test and Biodegradale test

Uji Performa Serat Batang Pinang Raja Menjadi Kotak Speaker Tipe Single Reflex Bandpass dengan Matrik Poliuretan dan Gipsum

This research is directed to test the performance of sound absorption in speaker box single reflex bandpass types of fiber rod roystonea regia with a polyurethane matrix and gypsum. The variables of this study changes the frequency into 3 types namely, 125, 250 and 500 Hz then the sound pressure changes into 10 types namely, 31,5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 16000 Hz. Making materials research begins by cutting the stem roystonea regia, splitting, drying, taking fiber, chopping, blending, sifting, make three types of sheet-shaped mold, mixing polyurethane with gypsum and scored specimens. Making materials research box single reflex bandpass type speakers which are then tested by the method of reverberation chamber and the sound pressure (SPL). From the sound performance test results it was concluded for the highest sound absorption at a frequency of 500 Hz with a value of 0,8514 which is included into class B in accordance with the standard values allowed by the ISO 11654 (1997) and sound pressure (SPL) is highest at a frequency of 125 Hz with value of 75,8 dB which is evidence that the speaker manifold support tool bass (low frequency). While the value of the sound pressure (SPL) in a circle on the axes X, Y and Z obtained the highest average value of 57 dB on the axis Y3 and the lowest average value of 51,59 dB on axis X2

The effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose on the compatibility of polypropylene/cyclic natural rubber blends

The effect of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofiber cellulose (NFC) was estimated as a means of reinforcing and compatibilizing agent of polypropylene/ cyclic natural rubber (PP/CNR) blend in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. The morphological effect of NCC and NFC on the PP/CNR blend property was determined through several characterization techniques, i.e. SEM, contact and TGA/DTG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the addition of NCC and NFC became more homogenous than without the addition of nanocellulose. The improvement of nanocomposites was also observed on the result of interphase surface tension and thermal stability. This improvement was assumed as the result of physically/ chemically interaction of nanocellulose with the backbone of PP and CNR, in which the nanocellulose can be imagined acting as a bridge to link the PP and CNR\u2019s backbone