Study of thyroid function in patients admitted in intensive care unit

Background: The thyroid gland produces two related hormones, tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) play a critical role in cell differentiation during development and maintain thermogenic and metabolic homeostasis in the adult. Critically ill patients have been defined as those that by dysfunction or failure of one or more organ system depend on survival from advanced instruments monitoring and therapy. The objective was to study the thyroid dysfunction in critically ill patients admitted in intensive care units and its relation to the mortality and severity of disease.Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences and research foundation, Chinoutpalli, Andhra Pradesh from 1st January 2022 to 30th September 2022 involving 100 patients. Patients of age above 18 years, both sexes, admitted to intensive care units with critical illness were analyzed and approved by institutional ethics committee of Dr. PSIMS and RF data were entered in MS-excel and analyzed in SPSS V22 software. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, ROC curves were applied. P values were reported for all statistical tests and a value of<0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Out of 100 critically ill patients out of which 17 patients had sepsis, 18 had acute renal failure, 19 patients had acute respiratory failure, 19 patients had diabetic ketoacidosis, 16 patients had congestive cardiac failure, and 11 patients had stroke and their correlation with t3 hormone decrement showed positive correlation.Conclusions: Thyroid profile can be used in predicting the mortality in ICU patients

IOT Cloud Based Real Time Automobile Monitoring System

Smart sensing has had a significant impact on defining our future in recent years. The field of IOT is a recent technical innovation that has caused a change in lifestyle (Internet of things). IoT refers to the internetworking of physical equipment and other items that are equipped with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity to allow data to be collected from them. Transportation is a booming industry in India, with the number of vehicles on the road increasing by the day. Monitoring vehicle metrics such as gasoline, temperature, and battery level without having to touch the car is perfect. In this digital age, a digital locking mechanism is desperately needed. When your vehicle is not with you, vehicle tracking is also essential. Here, car tracking is designed using GPS to conveniently locate the user's vehicle. The IoT cloud-based real-time automotive monitoring system is capable of monitoring our vehicle's metrics such as fuel level, battery level, engine temperature, and speed, as well as tracking the driver's alcohol percentage via an Android application. We receive an alert when one of these metrics crosses a certain threshold. Its Smart RFID digital key secures your vehicle even more than keys do. We may save our vehicle documents, driver's licences, insurance copies, and other documents in this project's Android application. Whenever an accident occurs, send a message to trusted people with the location

Enhanced Relative Comparison of Traditional Sorting Approaches towards Optimization of New Hybrid Two-in-One (OHTO) Novel Sorting Technique

In the world of computer technology, sorting is an operation on a data set that involves ordering it in an increasing or decreasing fashion according to some linear relationship among the data items. With the rise in the generation of big data, the concept of big numbers has come into existence. When the number of records to be sorted is limited to thousands, traditional sorting approaches can be used; in such cases, complexities in their execution time can be ignored. However, in the case of big data, where processing times for billions or trillions of records are very long, time complexity is very significant. Therefore, an optimized sorting technique with efficient time complexity is very much required. Hence, in this paper an optimized sorting technique is proposed, named Optimized Hybrid Two-in-One Novel Sorting Technique (OHTO, a mixed approach of the Insertion Sort technique and the Bubble Sort technique. The proposed sorting technique uses the procedure of both Bubble Sort and Insertion Sort, resulting in fewer comparisons, fewer data movements, fewer data insertions, and less time complexity for any given input data set compared to existing sorting techniques

Enhanced Relative Comparison of Traditional Sorting Approaches towards Optimization of New Hybrid Two-in-One (OHTO) Novel Sorting Technique

In the world of computer technology, sorting is an operation on a data set that involves ordering it in an increasing or decreasing fashion according to some linear relationship among the data items. With the rise in the generation of big data, the concept of big numbers has come into existence. When the number of records to be sorted is limited to thousands, traditional sorting approaches can be used; in such cases, complexities in their execution time can be ignored. However, in the case of big data, where processing times for billions or trillions of records are very long, time complexity is very significant. Therefore, an optimized sorting technique with efficient time complexity is very much required. Hence, in this paper an optimized sorting technique is proposed, named Optimized Hybrid Two-in-One Novel Sorting Technique (OHTO, a mixed approach of the Insertion Sort technique and the Bubble Sort technique. The proposed sorting technique uses the procedure of both Bubble Sort and Insertion Sort, resulting in fewer comparisons, fewer data movements, fewer data insertions, and less time complexity for any given input data set compared to existing sorting techniques

Hysterosalpingographic findings in infertile women diagnosed with genital tuberculosis

Background: Objectives of the study were to describe the hysterosalpingographic (HSG) findings among infertile women with genital tuberculosis (GTB).Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at Sri Muthu Kumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, from January 2016 to January 2020. Study population included 51 infertile women with genital tuberculosis. GTB was diagnosed by either culture/histopathological examination (HPE) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies. In these proved cases of tuberculosis, HSG findings were analysed. Permission from the institutional review board was obtained for the retrospective analysis of the hospital data.Results: Among 113 women who underwent hysterosalpingography, 51 were diagnosed with GTB. In these 51 women, the HSG finding were normal in 23.5% and were abnormal in 76.5% of cases. The abnormal HSG findings noted in association with GTB were calcification (3.9%) , distorted uterine cavity (3.9%), beaded tubes, intravasation with blocked tubes (5.9%), fimbrial block with hydrosalpinx (15.6%), cornual block (35.3%) and mid tubal block.Conclusions: Though imaging findings may be highly suggestive of tuberculosis, some of the features such as tubal block and hydrosalpinx are not specific for tuberculosis and may be seen in other infective causes of tubal damage also. Therefore, specific investigations for tuberculosis are still required to make a de­finite diagnosis. The presence of HSG features indicate that considerable tubal damage has occurred

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection among Tuberculosis Patients with Special Reference to Cd4 Count

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) has been and continues to be one of the most significant infections causing human disease. HIV infection has contributed to a significant increase in the world wide incidence of TB. The dual epidemic of HIV and TB is a concern for India where both these diseases are prevalent in epidemic proportions. In India TB is the indicator disease for HIV infection and most often the first AIDS defining disease. The objectives of the study are to determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to compare the clinical profile of TB in HIV positive patients with special reference to CD4 counts. Seroprevalence of HIV among TB patients was 6.7%. Among them 32.2% were in the age group of 31-40 years. 62.5% patients had extrapulmonary TB, 32.5% were pulmonary TB. 10%were sputum positive pulmonary TB. Chest xray lesions were varied with more of infiltrative lesions (84.6%). There were 38.46% patients with upper lobe infiltrates and 61.53% patients with middle and lower zone infiltrates. Mean CD4 counts in this study was 192.10±118.42 cells/μl. Most of the patients with extrapulmonary TB and disseminated TB had CD4 counts <200 cells/μl. Sputum positivity and upper zone lesions in chest x ray were seen more in patients with CD4 >200 cells/μl. Mortality was as high as 20% in patients who were both seropositive and TB positive. HIV seroprevalence is quite high among TB patients in Tumkur.. Extrapulmonary TB and disseminated TB were common when CD4 is <200 cells/μl and chest x ray findings were atypical when CD4 <200 cells/μl

A community-based study to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis among menopausal and pre-menopausal women

Background: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis among pre and post menopausal women using quantitative ultrasound of calcaneal bone and to identify the risk factors associated with osteoporosis.Methods: This prospective community based epidemiological study was conducted during 2019 in a suburban area attached to Sri Muthu Kumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai. 305 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic details, obstetric, gynaecological and medical history were collected. Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneal bone was used to calculate the bone mineral density. Using statistical methods, risk factors for osteoporosis were analysed.Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.67±9.41 years, 62.2% were post menopausal and 37.38% were premenopausal. The BMD ‘T’ score was normal in 29.8%, osteopenia was diagnosed in 38.4% and osteoporosis in 31.8% of participants. 14% of premenopausal women and 42.4% of postmenopausal women were osteoporotic. Age, menopausal status, duration of menopause, and previous history of fractures emerged as significant risk factors for osteoporosis.Conclusions: The prevalence of osteoporosis is high among both pre-menopausal and menopausal women, but the awareness is limited. This study highlights the need for screening all women after the age of 40 years which is feasible using portable and easily available technology such as quantitative ultrasound of peripheral bones