Method Development and Validation of Newer Analytical Methods as per ICH Guidelines

Analytical Chemistry constitutes both theoretical and practical science and it is practical in a large number of laboratories in many different ways. The analytical procedure is the technique of performing the analysis. Analytical method validation is indeed necessary for herbal procedure, new process and reaction, new molecules, active ingredients, residues, impurity profiling and component of interest in different matrices. An analytical methodology comprises of the techniques, method, procedure and protocol. This methodology includes the required data for a given analytical problem, necessary sensitivity, requisite accuracy, mandatory range of analysis and requisite precision to the Analyst. The combined dosage forms selected for the present study are Doxofylline & Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Metolazone & Spironolactone, Metoprolol & Olmesartan Medoxomil and Aspirin & Rosuvastatin in tablets/capsules. These combinations have recently entered into the market. The two methods are simple, precise, economic, rapid and accurate and the developed methods are suitable for determination of Aspirin and Rosuvastatin as a bulk drug and in marketed dosage form without any interference from the excipients. Statistical analysis proves that these methods are repeatable and selective for the analysis of Aspirin and Rosuvastatin. The proposed analytical methods are simple, accurate and reproducible. The advantages lie in the simplicity of sample preparation and the cost economic reagents used. The contribution is the limit of detection for all the methods. Results from statistical analysis of the experimental results for all the methods were indicative of satisfactory precision and reproducibility. Hence the spectrophotometric methods and HPLC method can be used for analysis of the different solid dosage formulations in commercial quality control laboratories. All the above methods do not suffer from any interference due to common excipients. Therefore it was shown that the proposed methods could be successfully applied to estimate the commercial pharmaceutical products containing Doxofylline & Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Metolazone & Spironolactone, Metoprolol & Olmesartan and Aspirin & Rosuvastatin. Thus the above studies findings would be helpful to the analytical chemists to apply the analytical methods for the routine analysis of the analytes in pharmaceutical dosage forms after their approval from FDA

A Mathematical Model for Micropolar Fluid Flow Through an Artery with the effect of Stenosis and Post Stenotic Dilatation

The effects of both stenosis and post stenotic dilatation have been studied on steady flow of micropolar fluid through an artery. Assuming the stenosis to be mild, the equations governing the flow of the proposed model are solved. Closed form expressions for the flow characteristics such as velocity, pressure drop, and volumetric flow rate, resistance to the flow and wall shear stress are derived. The effects of various parameters on resistance to the flow and wall shear stress have been analyzed through the graphs. It is found that the resistance to the flow increases with the height and length of the stenosis, but the resistance to the flow decreases with stenotic dilatation. With the increase of the coupling number the resistance to the flow increases. However, the effect of coupling number is not very significant. The resistance to the flow decreases with the micropolar fluid parameter. The wall shear stress increases with coupling number and stenosis height, but it decreases with micropolar fluid parameter and stenotic dilatation

Borderline Ovarian Malignancies : A Single Institute Retrospective Study.

Background: Borderline ovarian tumors are histologically characterized as epithelial tumors with a stratified growth pattern but without destructive stromal invasion. Little is known about the histological subtypes and outcome, role of fertility sparing surgery and role of postoperative therapy in advanced stage in Indian scenario. While there is ample data in the world literature about this disease, prognosis in Indian patients is largely unknown due to dearth of studies in our setting. Objective: To study the demographic profile, clinical features, imaging, treatment and outcome of borderline ovarian tumors. Methods: This is a retrospective study of eighty seven patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumor, diagnosed and treated from January 2006 to October 2011 at our institution. Most patients underwent surgical staging which incuded total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, infracolic omentectomy, bilateral pelvic and para aortic lymphadenectomy. Young patients who had not completed their family underwent fertility sparing surgery. Patients with invasive metastatic implants received adjuvant chemotherapy. The outcome of these patients was correlated with stage, type of peritoneal implant, type of surgical procedure and with histological subtype. Results: At a median follow-up of 48 months, 100 percent survival was noted. One patient with stage III disease had recurrence. Conclusions: Borderline ovarian tumors occur at a younger age compared to invasive tumors. In patients with early stage disease who wish to preserve fertility, hysterectomy and contralateral oophorectomy are not necessary. Serous tumors occur at a younger age. They can be associated with invasive peritoneal implants and raised CA125 values. Majority of the serous tumors are bilateral and smaller in size compared to mucinous and endometroid tumors. Raised CA125 values did not correlate with the stage of disease. These patients have an excellent prognosis even in Indian scenario where majority of patients present with big ovarian masses

The Effect of Particle Drag and Wall Absorption on Mass Transfer in Concentric Annulus Flows

The effects of the irreversible boundary reaction and the particle drag on mass transfer are studied analytically in concentric annulus flows. The solution of mathematical model, based on the generalized dispersion model brings out the mass transport following by the insertion of catheter on an artery in terms of the three effective transport coefficients, viz., the exchange, convection and diffusion coefficient. A general expression is derived which shows clearly the time dependent nature of the coefficients in the dispersive model. The complete time dependent expression for the exchange coefficient is obtained explicitly and independent of velocity distribution in the flow; however it does depend on the initial solute distribution. Because of the complexity of the problem only asymptotic large time evaluations are made for the convective and diffusion coefficients, but these are sufficient to give the physical insight into the nature of the problem of the effects of drag and absorption parameters. It is found that as absorption parameter increases exchange and convection coefficients will be enhanced, but diffusion coefficient will be reduced. After certain period of time exchange coefficient will be constant for different values annular gap. As the drag parameter increases convection and diffusion coefficients will be reduced. With the enhancement of catheter radius i.e., the annular gap will be reduced then the convection and diffusion coefficients will be decreased

Aspects of the Antiandrogenic/Antifertility Property of Azadirachtin-A from Azadirachta indica Leaves in Male Albino Rats: Effect on the Biochemical and Cauda EpididymalSperm Parameters

Technical azadirachtin, a major component of A. indica leaves, has low acute/subchronic toxicity and non-mutagenic/teratogenic in mammalian species along with minimal disruption to the ecosystem. The aim of the present study is to examine the dose dependent effect of azadirachtin-A on biochemical, sperm functional parameters and fertility performance in treated groups. Wistar strain male albino rats were administered subcutaneously with graded concentrations of azadirachtin-A (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg in suspension of 50% DMSO, respectively / kg body weight) followed by maintaining suitable controls for 24 days. Five animals from each group were used for fertility test. 24 hrs after the last dose, the control and treated animals were sacrificed; reproductive organs were then used for biochemical analysis and cauda epididymal plasma for sperm analysis. No significant differences in their body weight were observed. However, at high dose level of 1.5 mg/kg body weight, there was a general decrease in reproductive organs weights, altering in biochemical parameters and reduction in the sperm functional parameters with increased abnormal sperms. Furthermore, fertility performance test showed 30% even at high dose of azadirachtin-A treated for 24 days. In this study such high dose effects may have resulted from the deficiency in the level of circulating androgen, probably due to androgen deficiency consequent to the anti-androgenic property of azadirachtin-A and using this compound, in effective dose manner, may be a potential candidate as a contraceptive agent for the induction of infertility in humans by means of phytochemical approach

PROPOSE AND PERFORMANCE OF SMART HOME ORGANIZATION SYSTEM BY USING IOT

Home Automation agency is growing hastily; that is fuelled with the resource of providing helping structures for the elderly and the disabled, in particular people who live alone. Coupled with this, the world population is confirmed to be getting old. Home automation systems need to comply with the own family necessities and comfort of utilization. The GSM modem is used to ship the alert messages to the user if any of the sensors fees goes beyond the brink degree. All the sensor stages and the overall huge style of devices fed on had been sent to the predefined net web page with the aid of the use of using the Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi module changed into interfaced to the controller via the UART port. The emergency transfer supplied became to get the reputation of all of the sensors values inside the form of SMS

CLOZAPINE-INDUCED DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS: A CASE REPORT

 The objective of this study was to report a case of a person with psychiatric illness treated with clozapine presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A clinical monitoring was done on a 38-year-old Indian man affected by schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type presented with DKA after 3 months of clozapine therapy (250 mg/day). After treatment of DKA and discontinuation of clozapine, the patient improved symptomatically, his blood sugar levels normalized and insulin requirements also decreased. This report thus highlights that clinicians should be vigilant about the potential risk of new-onset diabetes and DKA in patients taking clozapine and utilize appropriate clinical and laboratory monitoring early in the course of treatment to prevent serious adverse effects

H. influenzae potentiates airway epithelial cell responses to rhinovirus by increasing ICAM‐1 and TLR3 expression

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154674/1/fsb2fj065806fje.pd

3-(4-Methoxy­benz­yl)-1-benzothio­phene

In the title compound, C16H14OS, the dihedral angle between the benzothio­phene ring system and the benzene ring is 72.41 (12)°. A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action from the benzene ring to the benzothio­phene ring system is observed in the crystal structure