Thidiazuron as an elicitor in the production of secondary metabolite

The secondary metabolites are known to play a major role in the adaptation of plants to their environment. They are also used by humans as food additives and as pharmaceuticals. Various strategies have been developed to improve the production of secondary metabolites in plant cell and tissue culture. Strain improvement, methods for the selection of high-producing cell lines, medium optimizations, and treatment of the undifferentiated cells with abiotic or biotic elicitors such as heavy metals, chitosan, methyljasmonate, salicylic acid, and thidiazuron (TDZ) can lead to an enhancement in secondary metabolite production. TDZ, a substituted phenylurea (N-phenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea), has gained a considerable attention during the past decades due to its efficient role in plant cell and tissue culture. TDZ has shown both auxin- and cytokinin-like effects, although, chemically, it is totally different from commonly used auxins and cytokinins. A number of physiological and biochemical events in cells are induced or enhanced by TDZ. To attain continuous and quick industrial production, when used in the appropriate concentration, the addition of stimulants such as TDZ to the growing medium will contribute to production of secondary metabolites. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved

Some physiological effects of acetamiprid on two cultivars of corn plants [Algunos efectos fisiológicos de acetamiprid en dos cultivares de plantas de maíz]

The aim of the study was to investigate some physiological effects of an insecticide (Akira 20-SP) with acetamiprid agent on Cin misir Adapop 10 and Sert misir Adapop 2 cultivars of corn plants in different concentrations [0 g/L, 0.6 g/L (recommended concentration), 1.2 g/L]. Photosynthetic pigment substances, total soluble protein and proline contents were determined. Analysis of treated leaves showed that the recommended concentration resulted in higher chlorophyll value in Cin misir Adapop 10 and Sert misir Adapop 2. Carotenoid amounts increased in Cin misir Adapop 10 and decreased in Sert misir Adapop 2 to the control. Total protein contents decreased in x2 recommended concentration in Cin misir Adapop 10 and in all treatment groups in Sert misir Adapop 2 and proline amounts significantly increased in proportion to the increasing concentration in both cultivars. Especially high concentrations of acetamiprid affect plant metabolism of both cultivars negatively. © 2015, Fund Roulo Raggio. All rights reserved

Some physiological effects of acetamiprid on two cultivars of corn plants

WOS: 000369311900021The aim of the study was to investigate some physiological effects of an insecticide (Akira 20-SP) with acetamiprid agent on Cin misir Adapop 10 and Sert misir Adapop 2 cultivars of corn plants in different concentrations [0 g/L, 0.6 g/L (recommended concentration), 1.2 g/L]. Photosynthetic pigment substances, total soluble protein and proline contents were determined. Analysis of treated leaves showed that the recommended concentration resulted in higher chlorophyll value in Cin misir Adapop 10 and Sert misir Adapop 2. Carotenoid amounts increased in Cin misir Adapop 10 and decreased in Sert misir Adapop 2 to the control. Total protein contents decreased in x2 recommended concentration in Cin misir Adapop 10 and in all treatment groups in Sert misir Adapop 2 and proline amounts significantly increased in proportion to the increasing concentration in both cultivars. Especially high concentrations of acetamiprid affect plant metabolism of both cultivars negatively

Effects of salinity on antioxidant enzymes and proline in leaves of barley seedlings in different growth stages

The participation of antioxidant defence under mild and severe salt stress conditions (120 and 240 mM) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings in different growth stages, antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) activities and proline content were determined. Plants grown in Hoagland solution served as control. Salinity induced proline accumulation in both 2- and 4-week-old-seedlings (up to 8.7-fold and 1.8 fold, respectively, as compared with control). The activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves increased under NaCl stress, the seedlings in the early growing stage (2-week-old) being generally more responsive than 4-week-old ones. The highest peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were 165 and 152% of control, respectively. Catalase (CAT) activity reached about 7- fold increase in NaCl treatment of 2-week-old seedlings. This dramatic increase might indicate that CAT is a major enzyme among antioxidant enzymes examined in barley under salt stress. Thus, antioxidant defence system induced by salinity plays prominent role particularly in early growth periods and its efficiency decrease with age of the plants. © 2014 National Centre for Agrarian Sciences. All rights reserved

Voice characteristics of acromegaly

Acromegaly’s effect on voice is still indefinite. We aimed to define acoustic characteristics of patients with acromegaly. Cross-sectional case–control study was designed. Thirty-seven patients with acromegaly and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Fundamental frequency (F0) and measurements related to frequency, amplitude, noise and tremor of the obtained voice sample were analyzed using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program. Absolute jitter (Jita) and jitter percent (Jitt), shimmer in decibel and shimmer percent, noise to harmonic ratio and soft phonation index, fundamental frequency tremor frequency and frequency tremor intensity index represented the parameters related to frequency, amplitude, noise and tremor of the voice sample, respectively. Patients with acromegaly, especially the uncontrolled patients, exhibited significant differences in frequency perturbation measurements. Jitt of all patients and Jita of uncontrolled patients were significantly higher than that of control group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.043, respectively). Jitter which is a measure of frequency perturbation can be assumed as an indicator of hoarse and deepened voice. Jita of all patients and Jitt of uncontrolled patients were elevated, but not reaching a statistical significance. Controlled and active patients had similar analysis of acoustic parameters. In the correlation analysis, shimmer and IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor 1) was found to be positively correlated in all patients with acromegaly and in female patients. When the p value is adjusted according to Bonferroni correction regarding the use of ten parameters for acoustic analysis (so adjusted p is \0.005), all the statistically significant findings become insignificant. Considering the parameters test different properties of voice, it is reasonable to pay attention to the findings. Patients with acromegaly have increased frequency perturbations measures, but this increase is nonsignificant according to Bonferroni correction. This may be perceptually sensed as hoarse voice. Amplitude perturbations within the voice of the patients with acromegaly are positively correlated with IGF-1 levels, this correlation is also non-significant according to Bonferroni correction