12 research outputs found
Risk factors of diarrhoeal disease in under-five children among health extension model and non-model families in Sheko district rural community, Southwest Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study
Incidence and associated factors for hypotension after spinal anesthesia during cesarean section at Gandhi Memorial Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Association between malaria and malnutrition among children aged under-five years in Adami Tulu District, south-central Ethiopia: a case–control study
Sub-optimal breastfeeding of infants during the first six months and associated factors in rural communities of Jimma Arjo Woreda, Southwest Ethiopia
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies have shown that sub-optimal breastfeeding is major contributor to infant and young child mortality in Ethiopia. To address this problem, infant and young child feeding guideline was developed in 2004 and interventions have been going on based on the guidelines. There is no study that assessed whether the infant and child feeding practices are according the guideline or not. This study was carried out to assess sub-optimal breastfeeding practices and associated factors among infants from birth to six months in rural communities of Jimma Arjo Woreda in the Southwest Ethiopia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was carried out from December to January 2009. Quantitative data were collected from a sample of 382 respondents supplemented by qualitative data generated using in-depth interviews of 15 index mothers. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of timely initiation of breast feeding and non-exclusive breast feeding among mother-infant pairs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>More than three fourth of mothers breastfeed their infants sub-optimally. Thirty-seven percent of mothers initiated breastfeeding later than one hour after delivery, which was significantly associated with not attending formal education (AOR = 1.05[95%CI: 1.03, 1.94]) and painful breastfeeding experiences (AOR = 5.02[95%CI: 1.01, 10.08]). The majority (67.02%) of mothers had no knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. Non-exclusive breastfeeding was negatively associated with child’s age of 0-2 months (AOR: 0.27[95%CI: 0.16, 0.47) and 3-4 months (AOR = 0.43 [95%CI: 0.25, 0.73) and ownership of radio (AOR = 0.56[95%CI: 0.37, 0.88]), but positively associated with the practice of discarding colostrums (AOR = 1.78[95%CI: 1.09, 4.94]).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The findings showed that the majority of mothers sub-optimally breastfeed their children in the study area. As most of the mothers do not have knowledge on the exclusive breast feeding. Enhancing community based behavior change communications using multiple channels including radio and folk media is recommended to reduce sub-optimal breast feeding practices and associated consequences among children in the study area.</p
Socioeconomic factors associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children of the nomadic population in northeast Ethiopia
Complex interactions between malaria and malnutrition: a systematic literature review
Abstract
Background
Despite substantial improvement in the control of malaria and decreased prevalence of malnutrition over the past two decades, both conditions remain heavy burdens that cause hundreds of thousands of deaths in children in resource-poor countries every year. Better understanding of the complex interactions between malaria and malnutrition is crucial for optimally targeting interventions where both conditions co-exist. This systematic review aimed to assess the evidence of the interplay between malaria and malnutrition.
Methods
Database searches were conducted in PubMed, Global Health and Cochrane Libraries and articles published in English, French or Spanish between Jan 1980 and Feb 2018 were accessed and screened. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the risk of bias across studies was assessed using the GRADE approach. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline were followed.
Results
Of 2945 articles screened from databases, a total of 33 articles were identified looking at the association between malnutrition and risk of malaria and/or the impact of malnutrition in antimalarial treatment efficacy. Large methodological heterogeneity of studies precluded conducting meaningful aggregated data meta-analysis. Divergent results were reported on the effect of malnutrition on malaria risk. While no consistent association between risk of malaria and acute malnutrition was found, chronic malnutrition was relatively consistently associated with severity of malaria such as high-density parasitemia and anaemia. Furthermore, there is little information on the effect of malnutrition on therapeutic responses to artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) and their pharmacokinetic properties in malnourished children in published literature.
Conclusions
The evidence on the effect of malnutrition on malaria risk remains inconclusive. Further analyses using individual patient data could provide an important opportunity to better understand the variability observed in publications by standardising both malaria and nutritional metrics. Our findings highlight the need to improve our understanding of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of ACTs in malnourished children. Further clarification on malaria-malnutrition interactions would also serve as a basis for designing future trials and provide an opportunity to optimise antimalarial treatment for this large, vulnerable and neglected population.
Trial registration
PROSPERO
CRD42017056934
Malaria increased the risk of stunting and wasting among young children in Ethiopia: Results of a cohort study
Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population‐based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000–2021
Setting: Subnational, population-based
birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low-and
middle-income
countries (LMICs) spanning 2000–2021.
Population: Liveborn infants.
Methods: Subnational, population-based
studies with high-quality
birth outcome
data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement
Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm
[PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st
standards
(small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large
for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], non-
LBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight
categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined
small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We
presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and
prevalence of newborn types by region and study.
Results: Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missing
and plausible
values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn
types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW
(58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW
(14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%),
PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The
median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within
regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-Saharan
Africa (34.9%).
Conclusions: Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated
with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local
targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs