Derivation of the nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamic equation from underdamped Langevin equation

We derive the fluctuating hydrodynamic equation for the number and momentum densities exactly from the underdamped Langevin equation. This derivation is an extension of the Kawasaki-Dean formula in underdamped case. The steady state probability distribution of the number and momentum densities field can be expressed by the kinetic and potential energies. In the massless limit, the obtained fluctuating hydrodynamic equation reduces to the Kawasaki-Dean equation. Moreover, the derived equation corresponds to the field equation derived from the canonical equation when the friction coefficient is zero.Comment: 16 page

Sexual Function in Women Suffering from Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease

AbstractObjective:to describe the sexual function in women suffering aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) and in an age-matched reference group.Patients and methods:thirty-six women suffering from AIOD were included. Twenty were investigated before vascular intervention (untreated) and 16 different women after treatment (treated). Eighteen age-matched women served as areferencegroup. The patients answered a questionnaire including sexual, social and medical questions and a gynaecological examination was performed.Results:untreated patients with AIOD have a significantly impaired physical well-being compared to the other groups (p<0.001). A negative effect of the vascular disease and its treatment on sexual life was experienced by 69% oftreatedcompared to 40% affected amonguntreated(p=0.05). Vulval sensibility was impaired in 44% oftreated, 11% ofuntreatedand 22% ofreferencepatients. Defective anal sphincter function was found in 33% oftreated, 17% ofuntreatedand 6% in thereferencegroup. Those differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions:symptomatic AIOD in women is associated with a significantly impaired physical and sexual well-being. Though limited by size and methodology, the results indicate the possibility of iatrogenic nerve damage

Investigating long-term human ecodynamics in the European Arctic:Towards an integrated multi-scalar analysis of early and mid Holocene cultural, environmental and palaeodemographic sequences in Finnmark County, Northern Norway

Most parts of the Circumpolar Arctic have only discontinuous evidence for long-term human settlement. In contrast, Northern Norway has an unbroken archaeological record that extends back to the early Holocene. Numerous high-resolution archaeological and palaeoenvironmental records have been generated by commercial excavations and surveys, offering archaeologists unique opportunities to investigate long-term human ecodynamics in an Arctic coastal setting. To date, however, deeper analysis of the new datasets has yet to be undertaken. This paper aims to present a new synthesis of early and mid Holocene archaeological and paleoenvironmental sequences for Western Finnmark (11500-2000 cal BP). This enables us to identify three major phases of culture change that broadly correlate with climatic and environmental shifts. We then present emerging results from our multi-scalar analysis of the processes driving these transformations. At supra-regional and regional scales, our palaeodemographic modelling indicates major population events centered around 6000 cal BP and 4000 cal BP. At intra-regional scales, we are identifying spatial clustering of prehistoric settlements into local socio-economic communities. At the scale of local settlements, our analysis of house-pit chronologies is clarifying the degree of simultaneous occupation and re-use. We also draw on recent research into rock art and ritual landscapes in an effort to reconstruct the relationship between settlement clusters and general interaction patterns. Integration of these diverse lines of evidence is generating a vivid picture of thriving Arctic coastal communities, with indications that the timing and pace of cultural responses to climatic and environmental changes were more complex than previously thought

Test of electromagnetic, non-destructive method for determining material properties in steel

This study, in the area of non-destructive testing and measuring technology, shows that it is possible toinspect and determine the mechanical properties and micro structure of a material using electro-magnetictechnique. The goal has been to on-line determine material properties like residual stress distributions,variations in tensile strength and fatigue strength in a material. In the project the latest in materials inspectionusing electro-magnetic methods combined with statistic modelling is used. The project has shown that thesenew methods can non-destructively determine the mechanical properties of a material or a machine detail. Itis believed that this measuring technique has a clear place in industry

Density fluctuations and single-particle dynamics in liquid lithium

The single-particle and collective dynamical properties of liquid lithium have been evaluated at several thermodynamic states near the triple point. This is performed within the framework of mode-coupling theory, using a self-consistent scheme which, starting from the known static structure of the liquid, allows the theoretical calculation of several dynamical properties. Special attention is devoted to several aspects of the single-particle dynamics, which are discussed as a function of the thermodynamic state. The results are compared with those of Molecular Dynamics simulations and other theoretical approaches.Comment: 31 pages (in preprint format), 14 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Multiple-scattering effects on incoherent neutron scattering in glasses and viscous liquids

Incoherent neutron scattering experiments are simulated for simple dynamic models: a glass (with a smooth distribution of harmonic vibrations) and a viscous liquid (described by schematic mode-coupling equations). In most situations multiple scattering has little influence upon spectral distributions, but it completely distorts the wavenumber-dependent amplitudes. This explains an anomaly observed in recent experiments

The evolution of vibrational excitations in glassy systems

The equations of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) for ideal liquid-glass transitions are used for a discussion of the evolution of the density-fluctuation spectra of glass-forming systems for frequencies within the dynamical window between the band of high-frequency motion and the band of low-frequency-structural-relaxation processes. It is shown that the strong interaction between density fluctuations with microscopic wave length and the arrested glass structure causes an anomalous-oscillation peak, which exhibits the properties of the so-called boson peak. It produces an elastic modulus which governs the hybridization of density fluctuations of mesoscopic wave length with the boson-peak oscillations. This leads to the existence of high-frequency sound with properties as found by X-ray-scattering spectroscopy of glasses and glassy liquids. The results of the theory are demonstrated for a model of the hard-sphere system. It is also derived that certain schematic MCT models, whose spectra for the stiff-glass states can be expressed by elementary formulas, provide reasonable approximations for the solutions of the general MCT equations.Comment: 50 pages, 17 postscript files including 18 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Universal and non-universal features of glassy relaxation in propylene carbonate

It is demonstrated that the susceptibility spectra of supercooled propylene carbonate as measured by depolarized-light-scattering, dielectric-loss, and incoherent quasi-elastic neutron-scattering spectroscopy within the GHz window are simultaneously described by the solutions of a two-component schematic model of the mode-coupling theory (MCT) for the evolution of glassy dynamics. It is shown that the universal beta-relaxation-scaling laws, dealing with the asymptotic behavior of the MCT solutions, describe the qualitative features of the calculated spectra. But the non-universal corrections to the scaling laws render it impossible to achieve a complete quantitative description using only the leading-order-asymptotic results.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Dynamic Habitat Disturbance and Ecological Resilience (DyHDER): Modeling Population Responses to Habitat Condition

Understanding how populations respond to spatially heterogeneous habitat disturbance is as critical to conservation as it is challenging. Here, we present a new, free, and open‐source metapopulation model: Dynamic Habitat Disturbance and Ecological Resilience (DyHDER), which incorporates subpopulation habitat condition and connectivity into a population viability analysis framework. Modeling temporally dynamic and spatially explicit habitat disturbance of varying magnitude and duration is accomplished through the use of habitat time‐series data and a mechanistic approach to adjusting subpopulation vital rates. Additionally, DyHDER uses a probabilistic dispersal model driven by site‐specific habitat suitability, density dependence, and directionally dependent connectivity. In the first application of DyHDER, we explore how fragmentation and projected climate change are predicted to impact a well‐studied Bonneville cutthroat trout metapopulation in the Logan River (Utah, USA). The DyHDER model predicts which subpopulations are most susceptible to disturbance, as well as the potential interactions between stressors. Further, the model predicts how populations may be expected to redistribute following disturbance. This information is valuable to conservationists and managers faced with protecting populations of conservation concern across landscapes undergoing changing disturbance regimes. The DyHDER model provides a valuable and generalizable new tool to explore metapopulation resilience to spatially and temporally dynamic stressors for a diverse range of taxa and ecosystems