Phylogeny and systematics of the giant rhinoceros beetles (Scarabaeidae: Dynastini)

This report contains the first inclusive phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic structure for the genera presently included within the scarabaeid tribe Dynastini. The study was based upon morphological, biogeographic and molecular data and yielded direct support for the recognition of three subtribes in the Dynastini: Dynastina MacLeay, New Status (Dynastes Kirby, Augosoma Burmeister, Megasoma Kirby, Golofa Hope), Xylotrupina Hope, New Status (Xylotrupes Hope, Allomyrina Arrow, Trypoxylus Minck, Xyloscaptes Prell) and Chalcosomina Rowland and Miller, New Subtribe (Chalcosoma Hope, Haploscapanes Arrow, Beckius Dechambre, Eupatorus Burmeister, Pachyoryctes Arrow). The results provide indirect but significant support for the origin of the tribe Dynastini to be of an age no later than the early Late Cretaceous. Molecular and morphological evidence suggests that Eupatorus as constituted in current taxonomic literature is not monophyletic, and taxonomic alternatives are discussed to address this deficiency. A plausible explanation is also provided for the perplexing use by F. W. Hope of the family-group names Xylotrupidae and Dynastidae

Apparatus for ejection of an instrument cover

Apparatus for ejecting covers of instrument packages using differential pressure principl

Influence of the public transportation system on the air quality of a major urban center. A case study: Milan, Italy

A sampling campaign was conducted in the city of Milan, Italy before and during a transportation strike in January 2004. This strike provided a unique opportunity to investigate the influence of public transportation on the air quality in a major metropolitan area. Twenty-four air samples were collected each day around the city on January 2nd, 7th and 9th. The samples were analyzed for methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halocarbons and alkyl nitrates. Significant differences in the mixing ratios were observed among the three days of sampling, with January 2nd showing the lowest concentrations as a result of decreased activity in the city during the holiday season. January 9th showed the highest NMHC concentrations because of increased vehicular activity in the city due to a public transportation strike. This paper investigates the correlation between the increased number of vehicles and decreased air quality because of a reduction in public transportation. Computer simulations were able to reproduce measurements of ozone production during the January 2004 strike and a July 2005 strike. The measurements and simulations suggest that reduced VOC emissions due to the existence of public transportation lowers peak ozone by 11-33% during the summer months. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Ambient halocarbon mixing ratios in 45 Chinese cities

During this study 158 whole air samples were collected in 45 Chinese cities in January and February 2001. The spatial distribution of different classes of halocarbons in the Chinese urban atmosphere, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Halon-1211, and other chlorinated compounds is presented and discussed. Most of these compounds were enhanced compared to background levels. However, the mean enhancement of CFCs was relatively small, with CFC-12 and CFC-11 increases of 6% (range 1-31%) and 10% (range 2-89%), respectively, with respect to the global background. On the contrary, strongly enhanced levels of CFC replacement compounds and halogenated compounds used as solvents were measured. The average Halon-1211 concentration exceeded the background of 4.3 pptv by 75% and was higher than 10 pptv in several cities. Methyl chloride mixing ratios were also strongly elevated (78% higher than background levels), which is likely related to the widespread use of coal and biofuel in China. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Value At Risk Portofolio Saham Likuid: Kapitalisasi Besar dan Kapitalisasi Kecil (Studi Kasus Saham Lq – 45 di Bei Januari 2011 – Desember 2012)

Penulisan ini adalah pengaruh likuiditas dalam saham dan pengukuran resiko portofolio dengan Value at Risk (VaR). Menggunakan pengembalian saham harian dan kapitalisasi pasar. Perhitungan empiris bahwa VaR belum sukses membuktikan pola dari hubungan diantara resiko dan likuiditas keduanya dalam saham level individual dan portofolio. Penelitian ini juga memperjelas bahwa diversifikasi portofolio saham mencapai pengurangan resiko

Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Risiko Sistematis Saham (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Tercatat dalam Indeks Kompas 100 di Bursa Efek Indonesia Januari 2008 – Januari 2013)

Penelitian ini merupakan studi tentang rasio keuangan yang terdiri dari rasio likuiditas,rasio aktivitas, rasio solvabilitas dan rasio keuntungan sebagai faktor yang berpengaruhterhadap risiko sistematis pada saham. Dari studi ini akan mengetahui faktor atauvariabel mana dari rasio keuangan yang berpengaruh paling dominan terhadap risikosistematis saham baik secara stimultan maupun parsial. Yang dimaksud risiko sistematisdisini adalah beta saham sendiri. Pengukuran risiko sistematis sendiri denganmenggunakan perhitungan standar deviasi. Perhitungan tersebut nantinya akan sangatberpengaruh pada pengambilan keputusan pemilihan saham, yang nantinya juga akanberpengaruh pada pemahaman sejauh mana risiko tersebut berpengaruh. Penelitian inimenggunakan data triwulan dari sembilan belas Perusahaan tetap yang ada di dalamindeks kompas 100 periode Januari 2008 – Januari 2013. Sebanyak sembilan belasperusahaan yang dapat dijadikan populasi dan empat yang dijadikan samplepenelitiannya. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah dengan uji regresi linierberganda. Hasil uji dari perhitungan tersebut nantinya akan menghasilkan rumusanakhir mengenai mana variable yang paling berpengaruh. Dalam pengolahan data sahamperusahaan juga menggunakan pemilahan terhadap Perusahaan sample