On signalling over through-silicon via (TSV) interconnects in 3-D integrated circuits.

This paper discusses signal integrity (SI) issues and signalling techniques for Through Silicon Via (TSV) interconnects in 3-D Integrated Circuits (ICs). Field-solver extracted parasitics of TSVs have been employed in Spice simulations to investigate the effect of each parasitic component on performance metrics such as delay and crosstalk and identify a reduced-order electrical model that captures all relevant effects. We show that in dense TSV structures voltage-mode (VM) signalling does not lend itself to achieving high data-rates, and that current-mode (CM) signalling is more effective for high throughput signalling as well as jitter reduction. Data rates, energy consumption and coupled noise for the different signalling modes are extracted

Studies of the effect of structural variation on Mesomorphic Characteristics in Thermotropic Mesogenes

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Extending systems-on-chip to the third dimension : performance, cost and technological tradeoffs.

Because of the today's market demand for high-performance, high-density portable hand-held applications, electronic system design technology has shifted the focus from 2-D planar SoC single-chip solutions to different alternative options as tiled silicon and single-level embedded modules as well as 3-D integration. Among the various choices, finding an optimal solution for system implementation dealt usually with cost, performance and other technological trade-off analysis at the system conceptual level. It has been identified that the decisions made within the first 20% of the total design cycle time will ultimately result up to 80% of the final product cost. In this paper, we discuss appropriate and realistic metric for performance and cost trade-off analysis both at system conceptual level (up-front in the design phase) and at implementation phase for verification in the three-dimensional integration. In order to validate the methodology, two ubiquitous electronic systems are analyzed under various implementation schemes and discuss the pros and cons of each of them

Information Seeking Practices of Parents: Exploring Skills, Face Threats and Social Networks

Parents are often responsible for finding, selecting, and facilitating their children\u27s out-of-school learning experiences. One might expect that the recent surge in online educational tools and the vast online network of information about informal learning would make this easier for all parents. Instead, the increase in these free, accessible resources is contributing to an inequality of use between children from lower and higher socio-economic status (SES). Through over 60 interviews with a diverse group of parents, we explored parents\u27 ability to find learning opportunities and their role in facilitating educational experiences for their children. We identified differences in the use of online social networks in finding learning opportunities for their children based on SES. Building upon these findings, we conducted a national survey in partnership with ACT, an educational testing services organization, to understand if these differences were generalizable to and consistent among a broader audience

Experimental study on perfomance of wind catcher in tropical climate

Today, the knowledge of using natural ventilation in buildings with consideration of traditional architecture of different areas, has become an important factor to consider in the buildings. The focus is on increasing the quality of space regarding to climate and environmental parameters. Iran is a country with vast and different types of climate and each one has come with it's own harmonic way and response in architecture. In these study conventional traditional buildings exposed to the hot and humid weather in the northern coast of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea is considered. The wind catcher is widely applied in these areas to enhance the natural ventilation in buildings. Studying the regional measures of the local expert architects can contribute to a suitable building design for such a climate. This paper aims to study how the wind catcher works by the wind-tunnel testing and CFD simulations. The main objective of this research is to discover how a wind catcher works by considering climate situations of a tropical region. The results show that increasing the height optimizes a wind catcher's performance by taking other appropriate variables. Furthermore, this study shows that the proposed system, even at relatively low speed outdoor wind, is able to create ventilation in a residential unit. According to the results of the wind-tunnel test and CFD simulations, the wind catcher can be used in hot and humid tropical areas to help create thermal comfort in green buildings by increasing the natural ventilation

Bordetella Holmesii: An Unusual Cause of Endogenous Endophthalmitis in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease

Purpose: This case report describes a rare organism causing endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with sickle cell disease. Methods: A case report was conducted. Results: A 41-year-old man with sickle cell disease presented with acute onset of blurry vision of the right eye. His visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. He had ophthalmic findings of hypopyon and vitritis in the right eye, consistent with endophthalmitis. He was treated with intravitreal and systemic antibiotics. Vitreous cultures grew Bordetella holmesii. His visual acuity at follow-up visits improved to 20/40 in the setting of improved vitritis. Conclusions: This is the first case describing B holmesii, a rare causative organism of endogenous endophthalmitis, in a patient with sickle cell disease. More studies are needed to improve the early detection and treatment of this unusual organism

Performance of Tomato with Organic Manures in Plastic Tunnel

Tomato is one of the most demanded vegetable with increasing trend of commercial cultivation in Nepal. As it is the heavy feeder crop thus soil nutrient management has been always challenging. Since, in modern world organic production has been favored by consumers for many reasons thus we aimed to compare the efficacy of various compost, mineral fertilizers and their combinations in tomato production and soil productivity. For the purpose a field experiment in plastic tunnel was carried out in Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Srijana, a popular tomato hybrid among commercial producers, was purposively selected. Eight treatments (control, recommended doses of chemical fertilizers, compost 15 t ha-1 + cattle urine, compost 10 t ha-1 + cattle urine, compost 12.5 t ha-1 + cattle urine, compost 15 t ha-1 + 1/4 recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, compost 10 t ha-1 + ¾ recommended dose of chemical fertilizer and compost 12.5 t ha-1 + 1/2 recommended dose of chemical fertilizer) were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The result showed significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between the plant height and yield of tomato. The treatment with compost dose of 12.5 t ha-1 with half dose of recommended dose of chemical fertilizers produced the highest incremental yield (85% increment) over other treatments followed by compost 15 t ha-1 with cattle urine. Addition of soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, soil potassium by the increasing level of compost though not significant, but increment in carbon content, nitrogen content and potassium content of soil observed in successive years. For commercial producer at plastic tunnel, compost at the rate 12.5 t ha-1 with half dose of recommended level of chemical fertilizer (100:90:40 kg N:P:K ha-1) is recommended to apply in field, while for organic producer, application of 15 tha-1 compost with fermented cattle urine is recommended

A Review on Analytical method Development and Validation

Analytical method development, validation, and transfer are essential elements of any pharmaceutical development program. Effective method development confirms that laboratory resources are optimized, while methods meet the purposes required at each stage of drug development. High performance liquid chromatography is most accurate methods extensively used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of drug product. Analytical method development and validation play vital role in the drug discovery, Drug development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It includes detection of the purity and toxicity of a drug substance. A number of chromatographic parameters have been evaluated in order to optimize the methods in the analysis of method development in HPLC. Ansuitable mobile phase, column, column temperature, wavelength, and gradient are developed. Keywords: Analytical method validation, ICH, HPLC, Method Validation, Regulatory Requirements