Aliphatic + ethanol separation via liquid-liquid extraction using low transition temperature mixtures as extracting agents

In this work, two different low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs), e.g., (i) glycolic acid–choline chloride molar ratio = (1:1) (GC(1:1)) and (ii) lactic acid–choline chloride molar ratio = (2:1) (LC(2:1)), were evaluated as potential extracting agents for the separation of the azeotropic mixtures {hexane + ethanol} and {heptane + ethanol}. Firstly, the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary systems {hexane + ethanol + LTTM} and {heptane + ethanol + LTTM} were experimentally determined at T/K = 298.15 and T/K = 308.15. Secondly, the solute distribution coefficient and selectivity were calculated and analyzed. The influence of the temperature on the phase behavior and the performance of the LTTMs related to the chain length of the hydrocarbon were considered. A literature comparison with other extracting agents used for the separation of these mixtures was performed in order to evaluate the suitability of the studied LTTMs. Moreover, the recyclability of the extraction agent, which is of great importance in liquid–liquid extraction, was demonstrated. Finally, the experimental data were successfully fitted using the NRTL model. It was found that both LTTMs show a competitive performance compared to existing extracting agents. It was also established that both in the {hexane + ethanol} and {heptane + ethanol} separation, the LC(2:1) showed higher distribution coefficient than the GC(1:1), while the opposite trend was found for the selectivity values

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POACEAE POLLEN IN AREAS OF SOUTHERN UNITED KINGDOM, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

Overall, longer Poaceae pollen seasons coincided with earlier pollen season start dates. Winter rainfall noticeably affects the intensity of Poaceae pollen seasons in Mediterranean areas, but this was not as important in Worcester. Weekly data from Worcester followed a similar pattern to that of Badajoz and Évora but at a distance of more than 1500 km and 4-5 weeks later

The role of heart rate on the associations between body composition and heart rate variability in children with overweight/obesity : the ActiveBrains project

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is negatively associated with body mass index and adiposity in several populations. However, less information is available about this association in children with overweight and obesity, especially severe/morbid obesity, taking into consideration the dependence of HRV on heart rate (HR). Objectives: (1) to examine associations between body composition measures and HRV, (2) to study differences in HRV between children with overweight and severe/morbid obesity; and (3) to test whether relationships and differences tested in objectives 1 and 2, respectively are explained by the dependency of HRV on HR. Methods: A total of 107 children with overweight/obesity (58% boys, 10.03 +/- 1.13 years) participated in this study. Body composition measures were evaluated by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HRV parameters were measured with Polar RS800CXR (R). Results: Body composition measures were negatively associated with HRV indicators of parasympathetic activity (beta values ranging from -0.207 to -0.307, all p 0.05). Conclusion: All associations between adiposity/obesity and HRV could be explained by HR, suggesting a key confounding role of HR in HRV studies in children with weight disturbances

Parâmetros de degradabilidade potencial da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da fibra em detergente neutro das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), com e sem tanino no grão, avaliadas pela técnica in situ.

Para testar o efeito da presenca de tanino no grao sobre os parametros de degradabilidade potencial da materia seca, da proteina bruta e da fibra em detergentes neutro de seis genotipos de sorgo para silagem, foi conduzido um experimento utilizando a tecnica da degradabilidade in situ. Quatro novilhos canulados no rumen, alimentados individualmente e duas vezes ao dia ad libitum com feno de Tifton 85, foram utilizados para a incubacao de silagens de sorgo no estadio de grao leitoso. pertencentes a seis genotipos: BR 303, BR 304, BR 601 e AG 2006 (sem tanino no grao); BR 700 e BR 701 (com tanino). Foram incubadas 5 g de amostra nos tempos de incubacao: 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. O tempo zero (t0) foi utilizado para calculo da fracao soluvel. a presenca do tanino reduziu a extensao de degradacao da materia seca e da proteina bruta nas silagens de sorgo BR 700 e BR 701. A digestibilidade potencial destes nutrientes foi influenciada pelo tanino. Nao foi observada efeito depressivo do tanino sobre as taxas de degradacao para nenhum nutriente, em nenhuma silagem testada. A degradabilidade potencial da fibra em detergente neutro foi reduzida pela presença de tanino