Knowledge and Perceived Practices on Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) Management among Primary Caregivers in a Selected Elementary School in Silang, Cavite

Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) are unpredictable occurrences and are considered a health problem in a child’s life because of their negative impact. Most TDI incidences happen when a child is at home or school; thus, it is essential that those who are in close contact with them know how to properly manage it. A selected College of Dentistry Clinic at a private sectarian university in Cavite conducted a study to assess primary caregivers' knowledge and perceived practices of primary caregivers on TDI management. The research study included 120 primary caregivers of pupils enrolled in Grades 1-6 in a private Elementary School in Cavite. This quantitative descriptive research design, correlational, and comparative design. A dichotomous scale was used to determine the level of knowledge, and a 4-point Likert scale for the extent of perceived practices. The statistical treatments used included the mean and standard deviation, Mann-Whitney Test U Test, Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner test, and one-way non-parametric ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis). Results led researchers to come up with the following conclusions: (1) the level of knowledge of the primary caregivers are high; (2) the extent of the perceived practices of the primary caregivers are good; (3) knowledge and perceived practices on TDI management are significantly correlated, which means that the practices of the primary caregivers are dependent on the prior knowledge they acquired on TDI management; (4) a significant difference was found in the knowledge of primary caregivers considering their sex; (5) a significant difference was found in the knowledge of primary caregivers that have a Masters or Doctoral Degree. Keywords: Traumatic dental injury, TDI management, primary caregivers, avulsion, reimplantatio

Multivariate analysis and extraction of parameters in resistive RAMs using the Quantum Point Contact model

A multivariate analysis of the parameters that characterize the reset process in RRAMs has been performed. The different correlations obtained can help to shed light on the current components that contribute in the Low Resistance State (LRS) of the technology considered. In addition, a screening method for the Quantum Point Contact (QPC) current component is presented. For this purpose the second derivative of the current has been obtained using a novel numerical method which allows determining the QPC model parameters. Once the procedure is completed, a whole RS series of thousands of curves is studied by means of a genetic algorithm. The extracted QPC parameter distributions are characterized in depth to get information about the filamentary pathways associated with LRS in the low voltage conduction regime.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2014-52152-C3-2-R , MTM2013-47929-P (also supported by the FEDER program)IMB-CNM Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TEC2014-52152-C3-1-R and TEC2014-54906-JIN (supported by the FEDER program)ENIAC Joint Undertaking-PANACHE project.Spanish ICTS Network MICRONANOFAB

Strategies for meiotic sex chromosome dynamics and telomeric elongation in Marsupials

During meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and recombine in a tightly regulated process that ensures the generation of genetically variable haploid gametes. Although the mechanisms underlying meiotic cell division have been well studied in model species, our understanding of the dynamics of meiotic prophase I in non-traditional model mammals remains in its infancy. Here, we reveal key meiotic features in previously uncharacterised marsupial species (the tammar wallaby and the fat-tailed dunnart), plus the fat-tailed mouse opossum, with a focus on sex chromosome pairing strategies, recombina tion and meiotic telomere homeostasis. We uncovered differences between phylogroups with important functional and evolutionary implications. First, sex chromosomes, which lack a pseudo-autosomal region in marsupials, had species specific pairing and silencing strategies, with implications for sex chromosome evolution. Second, we detected two waves of γH2AX accumulation during prophase I. The first wave was accompanied by low γH2AX lev els on autosomes, which correlated with the low recombination rates that distinguish marsupials from eutherian mammals. In the second wave, γH2AX was restricted to sex chromosomes in all three species, which correlated with transcription from the X in tammar wallaby. This suggests non-canonical functions of γH2AX on meiotic sex chromosomes. Finally, we uncover evidence for telomere elongation in primary spermatocytes of the fattailed dunnart, a unique strategy within mammals. Our results provide new insights into meiotic progression and telomere homeostasis in marsupials, highlighting the importance of capturing the diversity of meiotic strategies within mammalsThis work was supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (CGL2017-83802-P to A.R-H. and CGL2014- 53106-P to J.P.), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-112557GB-I00 to A.R H.) and the Agència de Gestio´ d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR (SGR1215 to A.R-H.

De novo genome assemblies of two cryptodiran turtles with ZZ/ZW and XX/XY sex chromosomes provide insights into patterns of genome reshuffling and uncover novel 3D genome folding in amniotes

Understanding the evolution of chromatin conformation among species is fundamental to elucidate the architecture and plasticity of genomes. Nonrandom interactions of linearly distant loci regulate gene function in species-specific patterns, affecting genome function, evolution, and, ultimately, speciation. Yet, data from nonmodel organisms are scarce. To capture the macroevolutionary diversity of vertebrate chromatin conformation, here we generate de novo genome assemblies for two cryptodiran (hidden-neck) turtles via Illumina sequencing, chromosome conformation capture, and RNA-seq: Apalone spinifera (ZZ/ZW, 2n = 66) and Staurotypus triporcatus (XX/XY, 2n = 54). We detected differences in the three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure in turtles compared to other amniotes beyond the fusion/fission events detected in the linear genomes. Namely, whole-genome comparisons revealed distinct trends of chromosome rearrangements in turtles: (1) a low rate of genome reshuffling in Apalone (Trionychidae) whose karyotype is highly conserved when compared to chicken (likely ancestral for turtles), and (2) a moderate rate of fusions/fissions in Staurotypus (Kinosternidae) and Trachemys scripta (Emydidae). Furthermore, we identified a chromosome folding pattern that enables "centromere-telomere interactions" previously undetected in turtles. The combined turtle pattern of "centromere-telomere interactions" (discovered here) plus "centromere clustering" (previously reported in sauropsids) is novel for amniotes and it counters previous hypotheses about amniote 3D chromatin structure. We hypothesize that the divergent pattern found in turtles originated from an amniote ancestral state defined by a nuclear configuration with extensive associations among microchromosomes that were preserved upon the reshuffling of the linear genome.This work was funded in part by National Science Foundation grants IOS 1555999 and IOS 2127995 to N.V., by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (CGL2017-83802-P to A.R.-H.), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-112557GB-I00 funded by AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to A.R.-H.), the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, AGAUR (2021SGR00122 to A.R.-H.) and the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA). L.A.-G. was supported by an FPI predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PRE-2018-083257). J.G. was supported by grant PID2020-115874GB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by grant 2021 SGR 00417 funded by Departament de Recerca i Universitats, Generalitat de Catalunya.Peer reviewe