Synthesis, Characterize and Evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of thiazines

1,3 – Thiazines have been applied as useful starting materials in the stereo selective synthesis of compounds of pharmacological interest and they have served as chiral ligants and auxiliaries in enantioselective transformation. The thiazines are of great importance because they act as precursor for the synthesis of Cephalosporins (3,6-dihydro-2H-,1,3-thiazine) and then converted to the thiazine derivatives (an heterocyclic compounds). Therefore, it was thought to combine chalcones moiety to thiazine derivative together in a molecular frame work to see the biological activities, additive effort of these rings towards biological activities like Anti- bacterial and Anti- fungal activities

Accomplishes Foreign Direct Investment Affect Private Investment In Arab Nations In The Period Between (2000 – 2021)?

The article desires to examine the impact of FDI on PI with a sampling of 10 selected Arab countries from 2000- 2021. For further analysis, the study used OLS. Test method with fixed and random effects model, and after making Haussmanns test and accepting the Alternative Hypothesis (H1), the study used the fixed effects model. The results confirm the presence of crowding in reality, which indicates that FDI encourages PI in only one model. Aside from this, the delayed PI has a positive and essential impact on herself in the coming period reflecting stagnation in the direction of PI in the beneficiary nations. In the complete panel sample, thither is a significant negative effect between inflation and PI, there are some macro elements that as per capita GDP, electro, domestic credit, and labor force, which were positive and not statistically significant, while trade openness was negative and not statistically significant

Antimicrobial activity of Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. plant extracts against Xanthomonas malvacearum bacteria

An experiment was conducted to check antibacterial activity of leaf bark and root extracts of Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. Plant against Xanthomonas malvacearum bacteria using agar well diffusion method expressed by zone of inhibition in mm in diameter. Antimicrobial activity of leaf, bark, and root extracts were separately assessed in triplicates for aqueous extracts, ethyl alcohol extracts. The results were compared with standard concentrations of antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline. The ethyl acetate extracts of root seems to contain antibacterial component more than pure antibiotic with the concentration of 500 ug /ml

Antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against candida albicans

Current treatment protocols for patients diagnosed with denture stomatitis are under scrutiny, and alternative options are being explored by researchers. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if silver nanoparticles inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, and the research question addressed was: In adults, do silver nanoparticles inhibit the growth of Candida albicans in acrylic dentures and denture liners compared to normal treatment options. A systematic review was the chosen methodology, and criteria were formulated to include all types of studies, including clinical and laboratory designs where the aim was tested. Of the 18 included studies, only one was a clinical trial, and 17 were in vitro research. The inhibition of candidal growth was based on the % concentration of AgNPs included within the denture acrylic and denture liner. As the % AgNPs increased, candida growth was reduced. This was reported as a reduction of candidal colony forming units in the studies. The quality of the included studies was mostly acceptable, as seen from the structured and validated assessments completed

日本の政治風土とバングラデシュにとってのその意義

アジア新時代の南アジアにおける日本像 : インド・SAARC 諸国における日本研究の現状と必要性, ジャワハルラル・ネルー大学, 2009年11月3日-4

Redescription of Arcotheres placunae and three new records, A. aff. alcocki, A. casta and Pinnotheres quadratus from Pakistan with a note on previously recorded Pakistani Pinnotherid crabs

Arcotheres placunae a commen commensal of bivalve Placuna placenta is redescribed;two species of the same genus :A. aff. alcocki and A. casta and one species of another genus Pinnotheres P.quadratus are reported as new records from Pakistan. Previously recorded Pakistani pinnotherid crabs are reviewed

Molecular characterization of selected fungal and bacterial endophytes in acid lime

Endophytes are the microorganisms that are present in living tissue of various plant parts (roots, fruits, stem, seed, leaf etc,). Endophytic microorganisms are good source of antibiotics. Endophytic antagonists were isolated from the roots of healthy acid lime plants collected from major acid lime growing areas of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 8 fungal and 10 bacterial endophytic antagonists were isolated. The antagonists were further subjected to preliminary screening, out of which only 6 endophytic fungal antagonists (EFA 1-6) and 8 endophytic bacterial antagonists (EBA 1-8) isolates showed good inhibitory effect on radial growth of Fusarium solani causing dry root rot in acid lime in vitro. Among them the one of the best fungal and bacterial antagonists that were found to be extremely efficient against Fusarium solani in dual culture assay were selected for further molecular identification. The BLAST results revealed that one of the fungal isolate had shown 100% similarity with Aspergillus fumigatus and one of the bacterial isolate had shown 95.56% similarity with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Social Media Interventions to Promote HIV Testing, Linkage, Adherence, and Retention: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Social media is increasingly used to deliver HIV interventions for key populations worldwide. However, little is known about the specific uses and effects of social media on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review examines the effectiveness of social media interventions to promote HIV testing, linkage, adherence, and retention among key populations. METHODS: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and Cochrane guidelines for this review and registered it on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO. We systematically searched six databases and three conference websites using search terms related to HIV, social media, and key populations. We included studies where (1) the intervention was created or implemented on social media platforms, (2) study population included men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender individuals, people who inject drugs (PWID), and/or sex workers, and (3) outcomes included promoting HIV testing, linkage, adherence, and/or retention. Meta-analyses were conducted by Review Manager, version 5.3. Pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by random-effects models. RESULTS: Among 981 manuscripts identified, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found 18 studies from high-income countries, 8 in middle-income countries, and 0 in low-income countries. Eight were randomized controlled trials, and 18 were observational studies. All studies (n=26) included MSM; five studies also included transgender individuals. The focus of 21 studies was HIV testing, four on HIV testing and linkage to care, and one on antiretroviral therapy adherence. Social media interventions were used to do the following: build online interactive communities to encourage HIV testing/adherence (10 studies), provide HIV testing services (9 studies), disseminate HIV information (9 studies), and develop intervention materials (1 study). Of the studies providing HIV self-testing, 16% of participants requested HIV testing kits from social media platforms. Existing social media platforms such as Facebook (n=15) and the gay dating app Grindr (n=10) were used most frequently. Data from four studies show that HIV testing uptake increased after social media interventions (n=1283, RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.28-1.76). In the studies where social media interventions were participatory, HIV testing uptake was higher in the intervention arm than the comparison arm (n=1023, RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.19-2.26). CONCLUSIONS: Social media interventions are effective in promoting HIV testing among MSM in many settings. Social media interventions to improve HIV services beyond HIV testing in low- and middle-income countries and among other key populations need to be considered. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42016048073; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42016048073 (Archived by WebCite at http://www. webcitation.org/6usLCJK3v)

Building nurse education capacity in India: insights from a faculty development programme in Andhra Pradesh

Background: India faces an acute shortage of nurses. Strategies to tackle the human resource crisis depend upon scaling up nursing education provision in a context where the social status and working conditions of nurses are highly variable. Several national and regional situation assessments have revealed significant concerns about educational governance, institutional and educator capacity, quality and standards. Improving educational capacity through nursing faculty development has been proposed as one of several strategies to address a complex health human resource situation. This paper describes and critically reflects upon the experience of one such faculty development programme in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Discussion: The faculty development programme involved a 2 year partnership between a UK university and 7 universities in Andhra Pradesh. It adopted a participatory approach and covered training and support in 4 areas: teaching, research/scholarship, leadership/management and clinical education. Senior hospital nurses were also invited to participate. Summary: The programme was evaluated positively and some changes to educational practice were reported. However, several obstacles to wider change were identified. At the programme level, there was a need for more intensive individual and institutional mentorship as well as involvement of Indian Centres of Excellence in Nursing to provide local (as well as international) expertise. At the organisational level, the participating Colleges reported heavy workloads, lack of control over working conditions, lack of control over the curriculum and poor infra-structure/resources as ongoing challenges. In the absence of wider educational reform in nursing and government commitment to the profession, faculty development programmes alone will have limited impac

Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance in Dhaka Central Jail, the Largest Prison in Bangladesh

There are limited data on TB among prison inmates in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), its drug resistance and risk factors in Dhaka Central Jail, the largest prison in Bangladesh.Cross sectional survey with, active screening of a total number of 11,001 inmates over a period of 2 years. Sputum samples from TB suspects were taken for acid- fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy, culture and drug susceptibility testing. (5.37, 4.02–7.16).The study results revealed a very high prevalence of TB in the prison population in Dhaka Central Jail. Entry examinations and active symptom screening among inmates are important to control TB transmission inside the prison. Identifying undiagnosed smear-negative TB cases remains a challenge to combat this deadly disease in this difficult setting