Microbunching And Coherent Acceleration Of Electrons By Subcycle Laser Pulses

The pick up and acceleration of all plasma electrons irradiated by an intense, subcyclic laser pulse is demonstrated via analytical and numerical calculations. It is shown that the initial low emittance of the plasma electrons is conserved during the process of acceleration, leading to an extremely cold, bunched electron beam. Compression of the electron bunch along the longitudinal coordinate is naturally achieved due to the interaction of electrons and laser pulse. In this paper, we find the localized solutions to Maxwell's equations of a subcyclic laser pulse and use these to determine the acceleration of charged particles and we suggest future application for this acceleration mechanism as low energy particle injector and as electron source for coherent x-ray generation.Physic

Kajian Hukum Efektifitas Penerapan (Asas Contante Justitie) Asas Peradilan Cepat, Sederhana Dan Biaya Ringan

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan tentang asas contante justitie (asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan) dalam peraturan Perundang-undangan dan bagaimana efektifitas penerapan asas Contante Justitie (asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Keberadaan asas contante justitie (asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan) terdapat dalam hukum acara pidana, yaitu terdapat dalam beberapa pasal dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. Perumusan tentang proses pengembalian berkas perkara dari penuntut umum kepada penyidik, yaitu tidak diberikan batasan berapa kali berkas perkara dari penyidik kepada penuntut umum dapat dikembalikan, yang menimbulkan akibat berkas perkara hasil penyidikan yang telah diserahkan oleh penyidik kepada penuntut umum bolak batik terus menerus sehingga berakibat berlarut-larutnya suatu proses dalam acara pidana. 2. Efektifitas penerapan asas contante justitie (asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan) tersebut tidak mempunyai sanksi yang mengikat bagi para pelanggar. Kemudian Pasal 67 KUHAP tidak dapat menjerat pelaku tindak pidana yang telah diputus bebas oleh pengadilan tingkat pertama karena dalam ketentuan Pasal 67 KUHAP tersebut tidak dapat dimintakan banding terhadap pengadilan tingkat banding terhadap putusan bebas, lepas dari segala tuntutan hukum yang menyangkut masalah kurang tepatnya penerapan hukum dan putusan pengadilan dalam acara cepat

Part-Time Work in Chile

This article discusses the evolution and determinants of part-time work in Chile. It tests some hypotheses found in the international literature, to determine whether part-time work is precarious, whether hourly payment is smaller, and whether it constitutes a step toward full-time employment. Evidence is found that part-time work is mostly feminine, and can be precarious in that it can be less stable and more informal. However, hourly wage is slightly higher than in full-time jobs. This gap is examined through a decomposition of Oaxaca, which reveals that wage differences cannot be explained by observable factors. It concludes with a Markov chain analysis using the Casen surveys to determine whether part-time jobs are a transition to full-time jobs, and also steady-state part-time participation is projected, as are long-term participation and employment rates. The results show that, given the current dynamics, the relative share of part-time work over total employment will remain stable, and labor participation will attain the level of developed economies in no less than 25 years.

What do we know about succession in family businesses? Mapping current knowledge and unexplored territory

We review studies on succession in family businesses that have been done since Handler’s (1994) seminal literature review on the topic in an effort to synthesize existing research and outline paths for future studies. We offer three contributions. First, we select succession studies that adhere to established methodological standards. Second, we review these studies based on the perspective that succession is a process comprising five stages across three levels of analysis. Finally, we outline current gaps in our knowledge and ask researchers to adopt a more holistic approach when studying succession

Electronic interaction in tax administration

In this article ways electronic interaction of tax authorities and taxpayers are considered. Prospects of tax department are also considered