Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cancer in the Swedish women’s lifestyle and health cohort

Objective To investigate whether intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with overall cancer incidence in a large prospective cohort of women in Sweden characterised by young age at enrolment (30–49 years) and relatively low intake of fruits and vegetables. Methods We followed prospectively 49,261 women, who completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1991–1992. A total of 2,347 incident invasive cancer cases were identified until December 2006. The occurrence of cancer was analysed by fitting Poisson regression models, estimating incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The median intake of fruits and vegetables was 204 g/day (10th; 90th percentile: 37; 564 g/day). Intake of fruits and vegetables was not statistically significantly associated with overall cancer incidence. When we compared women in the highest quintile of fruit and vegetable intake to women in the lowest quintile, the RR for overall cancer was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.88–1.16). Similar results were obtained when investigating the effect of intake of fruits and vegetables separately and when we stratified women by age at follow-up. Conclusion Fruit and vegetable intake was not associated with risk of total cancer in this prospective cohort of women in Sweden

Alcoholic beverages and risk of renal cell cancer

Using a mailed questionnaire, we investigated the risk of renal cell cancer in relation to different types of alcoholic beverages, and to total ethanol in a large population-based case–control study among Swedish adults, including 855 cases and 1204 controls. Compared to non-drinkers, a total ethanol intake of >620 g month−1 was significantly related to a decreased risk of renal cell cancer (odds ratio (OR) 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.9; P-value for trend=0.03). The risk decreased 30–40% with drinking more than two glasses per week of red wine (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9), white wine (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–1.0), or strong beer (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–1.0); there was a clear linear trend of decreasing risk with increasing consumption of these beverages (P-values for trends <0.05)

Oral health behaviours in relation to caries and gingivitis in primary-school children in Tehran, 2008

The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of caries, severe caries and gingivitis in Tehran primary-school children and to analyse the relationship between childrens oral hygiene habits and prevalence of these oral health diseases. Data were collected on the oral hygiene habits of 1271 Tehran schoolchildren (637 boys, 634 girls) aged 9-13 years. Clinical examinations were performed to determine the decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT) and the presence of gingivitis. Total DMFT >= 1 was observed in 83.3% of children; 55.5% had tDMFT >= 4 and 87.7% had >= 1 site affected by gingivitis. Dental visits of 48.2% of children were limited to toothache occasions and parents lack of belief in the importance of oral health was the most commonly cited reason (

Association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in adult women living in Tehran (2013)

Background: Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns and depression in developing countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in adult women living in Tehran in 2013. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried on 217 women aged 20-45 years attending health centers in the north and west of Tehran in 2013. The subjects were selected by systematic cluster sampling method. Data were collected through demographic, food frequency, and physical activity questionnaires and the beck depression inventory. Major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and their association with depressive symptoms was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Findings: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 63.2% in the studied women. Two major dietary patterns were identified (healthy and unhealthy). After adjusting for confounders, subjects with higher scores in the unhealthy dietary pattern had higher odds (OR=2.21, P=0.01) of depressive symptoms; but the healthy dietary pattern was not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: With regards to the results, it seems that the unhealthy dietary pattern is associated with the risk of depression in women

The association between nutrition knowledge and adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in Iranian female adolescents

Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) has been reported to decrease chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between nutrition knowledge (NK) and adherence to MDP in Iranian female adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 297 female adolescents aged 15-18 years. The participants were interviewed using a valid and structured questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to MDP was measured by the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Each participant's NK was determined using a 20-item NK questionnaire. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 16.1 ± 0.9 years and 22.3 ± 4.6 kg/m 2 , respectively. The median interquartile range (IQR) of the NK score and the MSDPS were 80.0 (68.0-87.0) and 15.2 (11.9-19.5), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of higher adherence to MDP in the highest tertile of the NK score was 2.19 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-3.95; p for trend = 0.009, compared to the lowest tertile after adjusting for age and energy intake. In a multivariable-adjusted model, after further adjustment for BMI, mother's/father's education level, mother's/father's employment status, parent's marital status and physical activity, the subjects in the highest tertile of the NK score had higher adherence to MDP compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.09-3.83; p for trend = 0.013). Our findings support the hypothesis that a higher NK score is significantly associated with a higher MDP adherence score in Iranian female adolescents. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and depression, anxiety and stress among high-school female adolescents

BACKGROUND: Few studies have shown the protective effects of Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MDP) in psychological disorders. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the association between adherence to MDP and depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents aged 16.20±0.97 in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Data from 263 participants were analyzed. Adherence to MDP was determined using Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Depression, anxiety and stress scores were characterized by DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Score-21 items) questionnaire. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress across quintiles of MSDPS. After adjustment for age, the odds ratio (OR) for depression in the highest quintile of MSDPS was 0.44 (95confidence interval 95%CI, 0.19-0.95), (P for trend = 0.009) compared to the lowest quintile. After additional adjustment for BMI, energy intake, physical activity, ethnicity, parents education level and total family income, subjects in the highest quintile had a 59% lower prevalence of depression compared to those in the lowest quintile of MSDPS (OR = 0.41;95%CI, 0.17-0.97), (P for trend = 0.010). However, the MSDPS was not significantly associated with the presence of anxiety and stress. CONCLUSION: Adherence to MDP is associated with a reduced presence of depressive symptoms in female adolescents. © 2018 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved

Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and depression, anxiety and stress among high-school female adolescents

BACKGROUND: Few studies have shown the protective effects of Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MDP) in psychological disorders. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the association between adherence to MDP and depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents aged 16.20±0.97 in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Data from 263 participants were analyzed. Adherence to MDP was determined using Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Depression, anxiety and stress scores were characterized by DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Score-21 items) questionnaire. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress across quintiles of MSDPS. After adjustment for age, the odds ratio (OR) for depression in the highest quintile of MSDPS was 0.44 (95confidence interval 95%CI, 0.19-0.95), (P for trend = 0.009) compared to the lowest quintile. After additional adjustment for BMI, energy intake, physical activity, ethnicity, parents education level and total family income, subjects in the highest quintile had a 59% lower prevalence of depression compared to those in the lowest quintile of MSDPS (OR = 0.41;95%CI, 0.17-0.97), (P for trend = 0.010). However, the MSDPS was not significantly associated with the presence of anxiety and stress. CONCLUSION: Adherence to MDP is associated with a reduced presence of depressive symptoms in female adolescents. © 2018 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved

Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern in female adolescents

Purpose: To the best of our knowledge, the studies on determining adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Iran as a non-Mediterranean country are scarce. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the adherence to the MDP in a sample of female adolescents who are residents of Tehran, Iran. Design/methodology/approach: In this cross-sectional study, 263 female adolescents aged 15-18 years were studied. Information on socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Also, dietary intakes were determined using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to MDP was characterized using Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS). Findings: Typically, the mean ± SD MSDPS was low in the present study (15.9 ± 5.6). The mean ± SD age and body mass index of the study population was 16.2 ± 0.9 years and 22.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2, respectively. In this study, the maximum MSDPS was 34.3, which was only one-third of maximum possible score (100). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that higher MSDPS scores were positively associated with age (standardized β = 0.1; p = 0.006), higher energy intake (standardized β = 0.2; p &lt; 0.001) and marginally higher physical activity (standardized β = 0.1; p = 0.079). Originality/value: Understanding low adherence to MDP in Tehranian female adolescents can provide basic knowledge to launch systematic programmes for gravitation toward MDP. © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited