Partial Image Enhancement by Re-sampling of Pixels using Image Enhancement Techniques

With the advent of modern Technologies in the field of Photography, Photographs are playing an eminent role in our lives. But as the time rolls, Photographs gets antiquated and vile. So there is a need to enhance the Photographs such that they render the desired characteristics. Sometimes there may be a case where there is a need to render manipulations to a specific portion of the Image without disturbing the remaining part of the image. This paper operates on this issue and presents a reliable solution so that modifications are rendered to a specific part of an image. This paper focuses on choosing the portion of the image where the manipulations are to be furnished, applying the Image Enhancement Techniques to that portion of the image and Re-sampling the pixel values of the original image with the pixel values of that enhanced image at the exact coordinates where the portion of the image has been chosen. The resultant Image will be an image similar to the original image other than the modifications made to the specific part of the image. Rather than as a Digital Image Editor, this paper would be well exploited when you want to render modifications to the specific part of an image, while the remaining portion of the image is unaltere

Priprava i in vitro karakterizacija plutajućih zrnaca acetohidroksamske kiseline za iskorjenjivanje H. pylori

Gellan based floating beads of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) were prepared by the ionotropic gellation method to achieve controlled and sustained drug release for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The prepared beads were evaluated for diameter, surface morphology and encapsulation efficiency. Formulation parameters like concentrations of gellan, chitosan, calcium carbonate and the drug influenced the in vitro drug release characteristics of beads. Drug and polymer interaction studies were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry. Chitosan coating increased encapsulation efficiency of the beads and reduced the initial burst release of the drug from the beads. Kinetic treatment of the drug release data revealed a matrix diffusion mechanism. Prepared floating beads showed good antimicrobial activity (in vitro H. pylori culture) as potent urease inhibitors. In conclusion, an oral dosage form of floating gellan beads containing AHA may form a useful stomach site specific drug delivery system for the treatment of H. pylori infection.Metodom ionotropskog želiranja pripravljena su plutajuća zrnca acetohidroksamske kiseline (AHA) na bazi gelana za kontrolirano i usporeno oslobađanje ljekovite tvari, namijenjena za liječenje infekcija uzrokovanih Helicobacter pylori. Pripravljenim zrncima proučavani su dijametar, površinska morfologija i sposobnost inkapsuliranja. Koncentracija gelana, kitozana, kalcijeva karbonata i ljekovite tvari utjecala je na oslobađanje in vitro. Interakcija između ljekovite tvari i polimera praćena je diferencijalnom pretražnom kalorimetrijom. Oblaganje zrnaca kitozanom povećalo je učinkovitost inkapsuliranja i smanjilo početno naglo oslobađanje. Oslobađanje ljekovite tvari slijedilo je mehanizam difuzije matriksa. Plutajuća zrnca s AHA pokazala su antimikrobno djelovanje in vitro na kulturi H. pylori kao snažni inhibitori ureaze. Može se zaključiti da su plutajuća zrnca s AHA na bazi gelana pogodna za specifičnu isporuku u želucu te korisna u terapiji infekcija uzrokovanih H. pylori

Floating Drug Delivery of Nevirapine as a Gastroretentive System

A multiple-unit floating drug delivery system based on gas formation technique was developed, in order to prolong the gastric residence time and to increase the overall bioavailability of the dosage form. The floating bead formulations were prepared by dispersing nevirapine together with calcium carbonate in a mixture of sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution and then dripping the dispersion into an acidified solution of calcium chloride. Calcium alginate beads were formed, as the alginate underwent ionotropic gelation by calcium ions, and carbon dioxide developed from the reaction of carbonate salts with acid. The obtained beads were able to float due to CO2-gas formation and the gas entrapment by the polymeric membrane. The prepared beads were evaluated for percent drug loading, drug entrapment efficiency, morphology, surface topography, buoyancy, in-vitro release, and release kinetics. The formulations were optimized for different weight ratios of the gas-forming agent and sodium alginate. The beads containing higher amounts of calcium carbonate demonstrated an instantaneous, complete, and excellent floating ability over a period of 24 hours. The increased amount of the gas forming agent did not affect the time to float, but increased the drug release from the floating beads, while increasing the coating level of the gas-entrapped membrane, increased the time to float, and slightly retarded the drug release. Good floating properties and sustained drug release were achieved. Finally, these floating beads seemed to be a promising gastroretentive drug delivery system

Morphological segmentation analysis and texture-based support vector machines classification on mice liver fibrosis microscopic images

Background To reduce the intensity of the work of doctors, pre-classification work needs to be issued. In this paper, a novel and related liver microscopic image classification analysis method is proposed. Objective For quantitative analysis, segmentation is carried out to extract the quantitative information of special organisms in the image for further diagnosis, lesion localization, learning and treating anatomical abnormalities and computer-guided surgery. Methods in the current work, entropy based features of microscopic fibrosis mice’ liver images were analyzed using fuzzy c-cluster, k-means and watershed algorithms based on distance transformations and gradient. A morphological segmentation based on a local threshold was deployed to determine the fibrosis areas of images. Results the segmented target region using the proposed method achieved high effective microscopy fibrosis images segmenting of mice liver in terms of the running time, dice ratio and precision. The image classification experiments were conducted using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The best classification model derived from the established characteristics was GLCM which performed the highest accuracy of classification using a developed Support Vector Machine (SVM). The training model using 11 features was found to be as accurate when only trained by 8 GLCMs. Conclusion The research illustrated the proposed method is a new feasible research approach for microscopy mice liver image segmentation and classification using intelligent image analysis techniques. It is also reported that the average computational time of the proposed approach was only 2.335 seconds, which outperformed other segmentation algorithms with 0.8125 dice ratio and 0.5253 precision

The additional value of TGFβ1 and IL-7 to predict the course of prostate cancer progression

Background: Given the fact that prostate cancer incidence will increase in the coming years, new prognostic biomarkers are needed with regard to the biological aggressiveness of the prostate cancer diagnosed. Since cytokines have been associated with the biology of cancer and its prognosis, we determined whether transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor and IL-7 levels add additional prognostic information with regard to prostate cancer

p53 Target Gene SMAR1 Is Dysregulated in Breast Cancer: Its Role in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

Tumor suppressor SMAR1 interacts and stabilizes p53 through phosphorylation at its serine-15 residue. We show that SMAR1 transcription is regulated by p53 through its response element present in the SMAR1 promoter. Upon Doxorubicin induced DNA damage, acetylated p53 is recruited on SMAR1 promoter that allows activation of its transcription. Once SMAR1 is induced, cell cycle arrest is observed that is correlated to increased phospho-ser-15-p53 and decreased p53 acetylation. Further we demonstrate that SMAR1 expression is drastically reduced during advancement of human breast cancer. This was correlated with defective p53 expression in breast cancer where acetylated p53 is sequestered into the heterochromatin region and become inaccessible to activate SMAR1 promoter. In a recent report we have shown that SMAR1 represses Cyclin D1 transcription through recruitment of HDAC1 dependent repressor complex at the MAR site of Cyclin D1 promoter. Here we show that downmodulation of SMAR1 in high grade breast carcinoma is correlated with upregulated Cyclin D1 expression. We also established that SMAR1 inhibits tumor cell migration and metastases through inhibition of TGFβ signaling and its downstream target genes including cutl1 and various focal adhesion molecules. Thus, we report that SMAR1 plays a central role in coordinating p53 and TGFβ pathways in human breast cancer

Empowering Patient Self-care in Plantar Hyperkeratotic/Palmoplantar Keratodermas Eczema: A Case Report

Introduction: Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) include a range of inherited or acquired skin disorders characterized by thickening of the skin on the soles. Hyperkeratotic dermatitis on the hands and feet is a chronic, challenging-to-treat condition that often results in pain, reduced mobility, and impaired functionality. Case Report: This study describes a 42-year-old man with idiopathic PPK and no prior dermatological history. He initially presented with recurrent eczema on his left foot, which gradually spread to both feet, particularly affecting the lateral borders. Despite the negative results for fungal and patch tests, as well as a biopsy, his hyperkeratosis and peeling skin have persisted for 5 years. Conclusion: Because plantar hyperkeratotic eczema is a chronic condition, effective management requires a combination of patient selfcare and medical treatment. Standard therapies, including antifungal, antibiotic, and steroid creams, keratolytic agents, acitretin tablets, and regular wound care, were insufficient in this case, with the patient experiencing recurrent symptoms that impacted his quality of life. A collaborative self-care approach is essential, focusing on minimizing adverse effects such as scarring, skin peeling, and hemorrhaging while considering personal and environmental factors contributing to the condition

An overview of artificial intelligence based automated diagnosis in paediatric dentistry

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subfield of computer science with the goal of creating intelligent machines (1) Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence. In machine learning a datasets are used for training diagnostic algorithms. This review comprehensively explains the applications of AI in the diagnosis in paediatric dentistry. The online database searches were performed between 25th May 2024 to 1st July 2024. Original research studies that focus on the automated diagnosis or predicted the outcome in Paediatric dentistry using AI were included in this review. AI is being used in varied domains of paediatric dentistry like diagnosis of supernumerary and submerged teeth, early diagnosis of dental caries, diagnosis of dental plaques, assessment of bone age, forensic dentistry and preventive oral dental healthcare kit. The field of AI, deep machine learning and CNN's is an upcoming and newer area, with new developments this will open up areas for more sophisticated algorithms in multiple layers to predict accurately, when compared to experienced Paediatric dentists