Forensic Technologies in Music Copyright

The essay explores some recent controversies in British music copyright through the evolving technologies used to perform or play music in the courtroom. While the conceptual tension between cases has caused doctrinal anxiety about the effect of popular music in copyright, the essay contends that the recent stream of music copyright cases can be considered from a historical perspective, taking into account the tools, materials and experts as they featured in court. In doing so, the essay connects a history of legal expertise to the emergence of new technologies while arguing that legal knowledge about music copyright was, in fact, stabilised in the courtroom

Prevalence of Epilepsy among Iranian Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Epilepsy is known as a periodic and severe disturbance in the nervous system, resulting from abnormal discharge of brain cells. Epilepsy is characterized by unexplained seizures, and threatens human life throughout their entire life span. The prevalence of epilepsy is high in early childhood, and declines with the increase in age. Method: In this study, a meta-analysis was done on the papers published from 2000 to 2023, investigating the prevalence of epilepsy within the age range of 1-20 years. Having a precise report of the studied city, report of prevalence as number or percentage, and report of epilepsy within the mentioned age range were the inclusion criteria for the papers. Any disagreement in fulfilling the criteria was resolved in a meeting by the presence of the three researchers. The search was done across Iranian databases plus ISI, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase with keywords of epilepsy, prevalence, children, adolescents, Iran, epidemiology, and psychiatric disorders. Result: In the initial search, 1276 papers were found, 28 of which were selected after screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were analyzed via random method. The prevalence of epilepsy was found to be 2.3 (95CI: 1.3-3.8). Its Z-value was-13.719, Q-value 2443.036, df (Q) 31, and I-squared 98.731. Conclusion: The prevalence of epilepsy in Iran is 2.3 (95 CI: 1.3-3.8), which warrants the necessary measures to be taken for its reduction

Operation Analysis of an AC/DC Converter with Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction

In this paper an attempt has been made to analysis the operation of an ac/dc converter with quasi-active power factor correction. This investigation has been made in two steps. In the first step, an analytical investigation is made considering some logical assumptions. In the second step, one of the assumptions has been neglected for a more precise analysis and the principal operation of the circuit has been investigated analytically again. To confirm the accuracy of the theoretical analysis results, the circuit operation has been analyzed numerically and simulated. The obtained results admit the previous assessments

Experimental Carcinoma of Esophagus : I - Effect of Nass in the Squamous Epithelium of Esophagus in Rats and Mice

Our experiments were based on the effects of NASS on squamous epithelium  layer of the esophagus in rats and mice as well as its effects on the skin of rats. these experiments concluded hyperplastic and early neoplastic changes in esophagus of some rats and loss of sebaceous glands in the skin of rats

Insight into tribocorrosion resistance and tribofilm formation on titanium boride coatings in a phosphate buffer saline solution

TiB2+TiB coatings were formed on Ti–6Al–4V through a molten-salt diffusional process at temperatures of 850 °C and 900 °C for 16 h. The thickness of the TiB layer increased by about two times at the higher process temperature, while the thickness of the TiB2 layer remained constant. Tribocorrosion rate of Ti–6Al–4V and the coated samples was evaluated in a reciprocating sliding under a normal load of 15 N in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution for 3600–36000 cycles against an alumina ball. The results showed that the tribocorrosion rate of the borided samples decreased up to 56 times compared with Ti–6Al–4V after 36000 cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies showed the presence of oxide-rich patches on the wear surface of Ti–6Al–4V with a thickness of up to 1 μm. TEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images also revealed the presence of a tribofilm with a thickness of up to 200 nm on the surface of the boride coating. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the tribofilm formed on the wear surface of coated samples contained B2O3/H3BO3 compound, resulting in a more stable fluctuation in coefficient of friction and open circuit potential during sliding. The SEM images of the alumina wear surface showed cracks and titanium transfer layers in contact with the borided layers and Ti–6Al–4V, respectively

Outcomes of the Fluoroscopically-Guided vs. Computed-Tomography-Guided Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection in Low Back Pain: A Propensity-matched Prospective Cohort

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP), the most common musculoskeletal condition, imposes a significant burden on healthcare and triggers mental and physical disorders. Before surgery, patients are eligible for minimally-invasive treatments, including transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI). We aimed to compare fluoroscopically- and CT-guided TFESI in patients with subacute (4-12 weeks) and chronic (>/=12 weeks) LBP. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 121 adults with subacute or chronic LBP were recruited. Using propensity score matching (PSM), we created two age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) matched groups of fluoroscopically- and CT-guided TFESI, each including 38 patients. The outcomes of interest were the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and numerical rating scale (NRS), which were measured in all patients before the procedure and at the three-month follow-up. Then, the ODI and NRS mean changes were compared between Fluoroscopy and CT groups using repeated measures ANOVA. All analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: Of the total 76 matched patients with a mean (SD) age of 66.22 (13.49), 81 (66.9) were female. ODI and NRS scores significantly decreased from baseline to the three-month follow-up in both treatment groups. The ODI score mean change from baseline to follow-up compared between the two groups was insignificant (fluoroscopy vs. CT mean difference (95 CI): 1.092 (-0.333-2.518), P = 0.131). Similarly, the NRS score mean change from baseline to follow-up compared between the two groups was insignificant (fluoroscopy vs. CT mean difference (95 CI): -0.132 (-0.529-0.265), P = 0.511). CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically- and CT-guided TFESI show similar therapeutic effectiveness in patients with subacute and chronic LBP