When Does a Patent Right Become an Antitrust Wrong? Antitrust Liability for Refusals to Deal in Patented Goods

[T]he benefit even of limited monopolies is too doubtful to be opposed to that of their general suppression.At the border of intellectual property monopolies and antitrust markets lies a field of dissonance yet to be harmonized by statute or the Supreme Court

Photometric Light Curve for the Kuiper Belt Object 2000 EB173 on 78 Nights

Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) are generally very faint and cannot in practice be monitored with a well-sampled long-term light curve; so our discovery of the bright KBO 2000 EB173 offers an excellent opportunity for synoptic studies. We present a well-sampled photometric time series (77 R magnitudes and 29 V magnitudes on 78 nights) over a 225-day time span centered on the 2001 opposition. The light curve (corrected to the year 2001 opposition distance) varies from 19.11 to 19.39 mag with a single peak that is smooth, time symmetric, and coincident with opposition. All variations in the light curve are consistent with a linear opposition surge (Ropp = 19.083 + 0.125Xalpha, where alpha is the solar phase angle), while any rotational modulation must have a peak-to-peak amplitude of less than 0.097 mag. This is the first measured opposition surge for any KBO (other than Pluto). The V-R color is 0.63+-0.02, with no apparent variation with phase at the few percent level. With R=19.11 at opposition, 2000 EB173 remains the brightest known KBO and a prime target for future photometric and spectroscopic studies

Undergraduate medical education: Thoughts on future challenges

BACKGROUND: There is considerable uncertainty about the future of undergraduate medical education in the face of several important challenges. This paper highlights many of the complexities of the challenges facing medical school leadership today. DISCUSSION: A major challenge facing medical education in the United States is the erosion of the clinical environment, the loss of clinical revenues and all its attendant consequences, including pressures for increased faculty productivity in an environment that is increasingly managed. These pressures have squeezed the time for teaching out of the system. Another challenge is how to incorporate all the new and emergent domains of knowledge into the existing curriculum. There is also a need to incorporate technological advancements into the delivery of teaching. SUMMARY: Undergraduate medical education in the United States must respond to a multitude of challenges if it is to remain vibrant in the 21(st) century

Leptoproduction of charm revisited

We calculate the energy--momentum distribution of the charmed quarks produced in neutrino reactions on protons, quantifying the importance of mass and current non--conservation effects. We study the strange and charm distributions probed in neutrino interactions in the presently accessible kinematical region. Some ambiguities inherent to the extraction of the parton densities from dimuon data are pointed out.Comment: 9 pages, DFTT 72/9