27,406 research outputs found
Interpolating Action for Strings and Membranes - a Study of Symmetries in the Constrained Hamiltonian Approach
A master action for bosonic strings and membranes, interpolating between the
Nambu--Goto and Polyakov formalisms, is discussed. The role of the gauge
symmetries vis-\`{a}-vis reparametrization symmetries of the various actions is
analyzed by a constrained Hamiltonian approach. This analysis reveals the
difference between strings and higher branes, which is essentially tied to a
degree of freedom count. The cosmological term for membranes follows naturally
in this scheme. The conncetion of our aproach with the Arnowitt--Deser--Misner
representation in general relativity is illuminated.Comment: LaTex, 23 pages; discussion on ADM representation included and new
references adde
Star formation in evolving molecular clouds
Molecular clouds are the principle stellar nurseries of our universe, keeping
them in the focus of both observational and theoretical studies. From
observations, some of the key properties of molecular clouds are well known but
many questions regarding their evolution and star formation activity remain
open. While numerical simulations feature a large number and complexity of
involved physical processes, this plenty of effects may hide the fundamentals
that determine the evolution of molecular clouds and enable the formation of
stars. Purely analytical models, on the other hand, tend to suffer from rough
approximations or a lack of completeness, limiting their predictive power. In
this paper, we present a model that incorporates central concepts of
astrophysics as well as reliable results from recent simulations of molecular
clouds and their evolutionary paths. Based on that, we construct a
self-consistent semi-analytical framework that describes the formation,
evolution and star formation activity of molecular clouds, including a number
of feedback effects to account for the complex processes inside those objects.
The final equation system is solved numerically but at much lower computational
expense than, e.g., hydrodynamical descriptions of comparable systems. The
model presented in this paper agrees well with a broad range of observational
results, showing that molecular cloud evolution can be understood as an
interplay between accretion, global collapse, star formation and stellar
feedback.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Self dual models and mass generation in planar field theory
We analyse in three space-time dimensions, the connection between abelian
self dual vector doublets and their counterparts containing both an explicit
mass and a topological mass. Their correspondence is established in the
lagrangian formalism using an operator approach as well as a path integral
approach. A canonical hamiltonian analysis is presented, which also shows the
equivalence with the lagrangian formalism. The implications of our results for
bosonisation in three dimensions are discussed.Comment: 15 pages,Revtex, No figures; several changes; revised version to
appear in Physical Review
Noncommuting Electric Fields and Algebraic Consistency in Noncommutative Gauge theories
We show that noncommuting electric fields occur naturally in
-expanded noncommutative gauge theories. Using this noncommutativity,
which is field dependent, and a hamiltonian generalisation of the
Seiberg-Witten Map, the algebraic consistency in the lagrangian and hamiltonian
formulations of these theories, is established. A comparison of results in
different descriptions shows that this generalised map acts as canonical
transformation in the physical subspace only. Finally, we apply the hamiltonian
formulation to derive the gauge symmetries of the action.Comment: 16 pages, LaTex, considerably expanded version with a new section on
`Gauge symmetries'; To appear in Phys. Rev.
3-D inelastic analysis methods for hot section components. Volume 2: Advanced special functions models
This Annual Status Report presents the results of work performed during the third year of the 3-D Inelastic Analysis Methods for Hot Sections Components program (NASA Contract NAS3-23697). The objective of the program is to produce a series of computer codes that permit more accurate and efficient three-dimensional analyses of selected hot section components, i.e., combustor liners, turbine blades, and turbine vanes. The computer codes embody a progression of mathematical models and are streamlined to take advantage of geometrical features, loading conditions, and forms of material response that distinguish each group of selected components
Quantum Tunneling, Blackbody Spectrum and Non-Logarithmic Entropy Correction for Lovelock Black Holes
We show, using the tunneling method, that Lovelock black holes Hawking
radiate with a perfect blackbody spectrum. This is a new result. Within the
semiclassical (WKB) approximation the temperature of the spectrum is given by
the semiclassical Hawking temperature. Beyond the semiclassical approximation
the thermal nature of the spectrum does not change but the temperature
undergoes some higher order corrections. This is true for both black hole
(event) and cosmological horizons. Using the first law of thermodynamics the
black hole entropy is calculated. Specifically the -dimensional static,
chargeless black hole solutions which are spherically symmetric and
asymptotically flat, AdS or dS are considered. The interesting property of
these black holes is that their semiclassical entropy does not obey the
Bekenstein-Hawking area law. It is found that the leading correction to the
semiclassical entropy for these black holes is not logarithmic and next to
leading correction is also not inverse of horizon area. This is in contrast to
the black holes in Einstein gravity. The modified result is due to the presence
of Gauss-Bonnet term in the Lovelock Lagrangian. For the limit where the
coupling constant of the Gauss-Bonnet term vanishes one recovers the known
correctional terms as expected in Einstein gravity. Finally we relate the
coefficient of the leading (non-logarithmic) correction with the trace anomaly
of the stress tensor.Comment: minor modifications, two new references added, LaTeX, JHEP style, 34
pages, no figures, to appear in JHE
Conversion of glassy antiferromagnetic-insulating phase to equilibrium ferromagnetic-metallic phase by devitrification and recrystallization in Al substituted PrCaMnO
We show that PrCaMnO with 2.5% Al substitution and
LaCaMnO (LCMO) exhibit qualitatively similar and
visibly anomalous M-H curves at low temperature. Magnetic field causes a broad
first-order but irreversible antiferromagnetic (AF)-insulating (I) to
ferromagnetic (FM)-metallic (M) transition in both and gives rise to soft FM
state. However, the low temperature equilibrium state of
PrCaMnAlO (PCMAO) is FM-M whereas that
of LCMO is AF-I. In both the systems the respective equilibrium phase coexists
with the other phase with contrasting order, which is not in equilibrium, and
the cooling field can tune the fractions of the coexisting phases. It is shown
earlier that the coexisting FM-M phase behaves like `magnetic glass' in LCMO.
Here we show from specially designed measurement protocols that the AF-I phase
of PCMAO has all the characteristics of magnetic glassy states. It devitrifies
on heating and also recrystallizes to equilibrium FM-M phase after annealing.
This glass-like AF-I phase also shows similar intriguing feature observed in
FM-M magnetic glassy state of LCMO that when the starting coexisting fraction
of glass is larger, successive annealing results in larger fraction of
equilibrium phase. This similarity between two manganite systems with
contrasting magnetic orders of respective glassy and equilibrium phases points
toward a possible universality.Comment: Highlights potential of CHUF (Cooling and Heating in Unequal Fields),
a new measurement protoco
Formation of Star-Forming Clouds from the Magnetised, Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Molecular clouds, the birthplaces of stars in galaxies, form dynamically from the diffuse atomic gas of the interstellar medium (ISM). The ISM is also threaded by magnetic fields which have a large impact on its dynamics. In particular, star forming regions must be magnetically supercritical in order to accommodate gas clumps which can collapse under their own weight. Based on a parameter study of three dimensional magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations, we show that the long-standing problem of how such supercritical regions are generated is still an open issue
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