Acid-base and biochemical stabilization and quality of recovery in male cats with urethral obstruction and anesthetized with propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam

This study compared acid-base and biochemical changes and quality of recovery in male cats with experimentally induced urethral obstruction and anesthetized with either propofol or a combination of ketamine and diazepam for urethral catheterization. Ten male cats with urethral obstruction were enrolled for urethral catheterization and anesthetized with either ketamine-diazepam (KD) or propofol (P). Lactated Ringer's solution was administered by intravenous (IV) beginning 15 min before and continuing for 48 h after relief of urethral obstruction. Quality of recovery and time to standing were evaluated. The urethral catheter was maintained to measure urinary output. Hematocrit (Hct), total plasma protein (TPP), albumin, total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride, base excess, anion gap, sodium, potassium, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in mixed venous blood (pvCO(2)) were measured before urethral obstruction, at start of fluid therapy (0 h), and at subsequent intervals. The quality of recovery and time to standing were respectively 4 and 75 min in the KD group and 5 and 16 min in the P group. The blood urea nitrogen values were increased at 0, 2, and 8 h in both groups. Serum creatinine increased at 0 and 2 h in cats administered KD and at 0, 2, and 8 h in cats receiving P, although the values were above the reference range in both groups until 8 h. Acidosis occurred for up to 2 h in both groups. Acid-base and biochemical stabilization were similar in cats anesthetized with propofol or with ketamine-diazepam. Cats that received propofol recovered much faster, but the ketamine-diazepam combination was shown to be more advantageous when treating uncooperative cats as it can be administered by intramuscular (IM) injection.Cette étude visait à comparer les changements biochimiques et acide-base ainsi que la qualité de la convalescence chez des chats mâles avec une\ud obstruction urétrale induite expérimentalement et anesthésiés avec soit du propofol ou une combinaison de kétamine et diazépam pour une\ud cathétérisation urétrale. Dix chats mâles avec une obstruction urétrale ont été recrutés pour cathétérisation urétrale et anesthésiés avec soit\ud une combinaison kétamine-diazépam (KD) ou du propofol (P). Une solution de lactate de Ringer a été administrée par voie intraveineuse (IV)\ud débutant 15 min avant et continuant 48 h après l’élimination de l’obstruction urétrale. La qualité de la convalescence et le délai avant de se\ud tenir debout ont été évalués. Le cathéter urinaire était laissé en place pour mesurer l’excrétion urinaire. Les valeurs des paramètres suivants\ud ont été mesurées avant l’obstruction urétrale, au début de la fluidothérapie (0 h) et à des intervalles subséquents : hématocrite (Hct), protéines\ud plasmatiques totales (TPP), albumine, protéines totales (TP), azotémie (BUN), créatinine, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3\ud 2), chlorure, excès de base,\ud trou anionique, sodium, potassium, pression partielle de dioxide de carbone dans le sang veineux (pvCO2). La qualité de la convalescence et\ud le temps avant de se tenir debout étaient respectivement de 4 et 75 minutes dans le groupe KD et de 5 et 16 minutes dans le groupe P. Les\ud valeurs de BUN étaient augmentées à 0, 2 et 8 h dans les deux groupes. La créatinine sérique augmenta à 0 et 2 h chez les chats recevant KD\ud et à 0, 2 et 8 h chez les chats recevant P, bien que les valeurs étaient supérieures à l’écart de référence dans les deux groupes jusqu’à 8 h. Une\ud acidose s’est produite pendant 2 h dans les deux groupes. L’équilibre acide-base et la stabilisation biochimique étaient similaires chez les chats\ud anesthésiés avec du propofol ou avec KD. Les chats qui ont reçu du propofol ont récupéré beaucoup plus rapidement, mais la combinaison KD\ud s’est avérée plus avantageuse pour traiter des chats non-coopératifs étant donné la possibilité d’administration par voie intra-musculaire

Determining the best sectioning method and intestinal segment for morphometric analysis in broilers

Brazilian poultry production is very efficient and demands maximum broiler performance. Therefore, digestive system pathologies have a relevant role. Considering it is difficult to obtain consistent information on intestinal morphometric analysis, this study aimed at establishing essential and clear criteria for the collection of intestinal segments for morphometric analysis. Fifteen 13-d-old broilers were sacrificed and three intestinal segments were collected per bird. Two 3-cm long sections were obtained from each of the intestinal segments. Samples were collected open or closed. The closed samples were transversely, hemicylindrically, or longitudinally sectioned. Samples were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The number of microscopic fields in each section was counted. Villi presenting the base clearly embedded in the submucosa, no damage or folds, and simple columnar epithelium at the tip were considered adequate for measurements. These villi were counted in each sample. The results shows that hemicylindrical sections presented the highest number of observation fields, with an average of 9.76 fields. Jejunum samples were among the three highest average villi counts, with 18.23 in longitudinal sections and 15.61 in hemicylindrical sections. The results of the present study indicate that hemicylindrical sectioning and jejunal samples were, respectively, the best sectioning method and the best intestinal segment for the morphometric analysis of the intestines of broilers

ERADICAZIONE DI INFEZIONE DA HCV DOPO TRATTAMENTO DI 8 SETTIMANE CON GRAZOPREVIR/ELBASVIR: CASE REPORT

INTRODUZIONE. Il genotipo 1b è il più comune sottotipo di HCV, responsabile del 22% delle infezioni a livello globale. La combinazione di grazoprevir ed elbasvir, assunta una volta al giorno per 12 settimane, ha dimostrato buona tollerabilità ed efficacia (>95%) nell’ottenimento della risposta virologia sostenuta a 12 settimane (SVR12), in pazienti con genotipo 1 e 4, sia naïve che treatment experienced, coinfetti HIV, senza cirrosi o con cirrosi compensata. Secondo le linee guida EASL, sulla base dei dati dello studio STREAGER, è possibile trattare i pazienti naïve con genotipo 1b e grado di fibrosi F0-F2 per 8 settimane. OBIETTIVO. Descrizione di un caso di eradicazione di infezione da HCV in paziente con grado di fibrosi F0-F1 dopo trattamento di 8 settimane con grazoprevir/elbasvir CASO CLINICO. Paziente di anni 67, giunge alla nostra attenzione per intraprendere trattamento per infezione da HCV, riferita esser nota dal 1984; in anamnesi cardiomiopatia dilatativa ipocinetica, ipertensione, angioma cavernoso epatico, litiasi colecistica multipla. Agli esami ematochimici al basale da segnalare ipergammaglobulinemia (21,1%), normale funzionalità epatica, crioglobuline negative, positività degli anticorpi antiDNA nativo, giudicata di non rilevanza clinica da parere reumatologico; test HIV negativo, pregressa HAV, negativi markers per HBV e sierologia per sifilide, HCV RNA 2.750.000 UI/ml, genotipo 1b, grado di fibrosi F0-F1 secondo Metavir. Viene intrapresa terapia con grazoprevir/elbasvir in data 19/03/19; a 4 settimane HCV RNA non rilevabile. Il paziente viene ricoverato in altro nosocomio per colecistite acuta pertanto non si presenta a ritirare l’ultima confezione di farmaco e sospende terapia in data 14/05/2019. Ad un mese dalla sospensione torna a controllo, riferendo aderenza completa nelle 8 settimane di assunzione del farmaco; esegue nella stessa data prelievo ematico, ripetuto a 8 e 12 settimane dal termine della terapia, con riscontro di ematochimica nei limiti e HCV RNA non rilevabile. In programma follow up clinico, laboratoristico ed ecografico semestrale. CONCLUSIONI. Nonostante l’interruzione precoce della terapia, 8 settimane di trattamento con grazoprevir/elbasvir hanno comunque permesso di ottenere una risposta virologica sostenuta (SVR12) in paziente con basso grado di fibrosi e multiple comorbosità nella real life, confermando i dati della letteratura recente

Analytical development to support manufacturing of a sustainable vaccine against Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis

GVGH is developing a candidate trivalent Salmonella vaccine to fight invasive nontyphoidal Salmonellosis (iNTS) and typhoid fever, especially aimed for sub-Saharan Africa to impact disease burden and to reduce anti-microbial resistance spread. This trivalent vaccine may be the only viable option for a sustainable iNTS vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa over the separate administration of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines (TCV) and a vaccine against iNTS. GVGH generated the iNTS-TCV formulation by combining the GMMA technology for the iNTS components, S. Typhimurium (STm) and S. Enteritidis (SEn) GMMA adsorbed on Alhydrogel, and the Vi-CRM197 glycoconjugate, originally developed by GVGH and recently WHO prequalified as TCV TYPHIBEV by Biological E Ltd (Hyderabad, India). A set of analytical methods to support the vaccine lot release and characterization have been developed by GVGH. In particular, to quantify the key active ingredients of iNTS components a competitive ELISA-based method (FAcE, Formulated Alhydrogel competitive ELISA assay) has been setup and characterized in terms of specificity, accuracy and precision. Vi component is instead characterized by means of HPAEC-PAD method, able to specifically identify and quantify the total polysaccharide in the final drug product. With regard to safety assessment, a Monocyte Activation Test (MAT) has been developed as to monitor the intrinsic pyrogenicity of GMMA-based vaccines and applied as surveillance test for the Phase 1 clinical lot, with the plan to set release criteria based on clinical experience. In vivo potency assay has been set to characterize the immunogenicity of vaccine lots in comparison to freshly formulated material at the time of release and during real-time stability. A significant antibody response to each of the active ingredients of the trivalent vaccine is raised in mice and assessed by Parallel Line Assay. Overall, the applied analytical panel and the results support the development of an iNTS-TCV vaccine as a viable option for a sustainable iNTS vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa

Relação entre os níveis de aflatoxina detectados em fígados e valores de AST e CK nos sorsos de frangos de corte

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Ureteroneocistostomia extravesical modificada pela sondagem ureterovesical peroperatória no autotransplante renal em cães

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Hipertrofia compensadora após o autotransplante renal em cães associado à nefrectomia contralateral

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