Peace-and-Order Power of an Ohio Municipal Corporation

Ohio Const. Art. XVIII, Sec. 3 endows the municipalities with those powers of local self-government .. .as are not in con-flict with general laws. The courts have unanimously interpreted the general laws to be those laws which have been enactedy the General Assembly. A question of conflict arises (1) wherehe state and the municipality each have prohibited the same act and where each seeks to enforce, independent of the other; (2) where the municipality seeks to prohibit that which the state permits, or seeks to permit that which the state prohibits;and (3) where the municipality provides a penalty in excess of that authorized by the state

Peace-and-Order Power of an Ohio Municipal Corporation

Ohio Const. Art. XVIII, Sec. 3 endows the municipalities with those powers of local self-government .. .as are not in con-flict with general laws. The courts have unanimously interpreted the general laws to be those laws which have been enactedy the General Assembly. A question of conflict arises (1) wherehe state and the municipality each have prohibited the same act and where each seeks to enforce, independent of the other; (2) where the municipality seeks to prohibit that which the state permits, or seeks to permit that which the state prohibits;and (3) where the municipality provides a penalty in excess of that authorized by the state

Human impact on the quality of the surface waters of the Claromecó Creek mid-basin, Argentina

Los cursos fluviales de la cuenca media del Arroyo Claromecó en su recorrido atraviesan la localidad de Tres Arroyos con más de 59 000 habitantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la calidad de agua de los cursos superficiales de la cuenca media para estudiar el impacto humano en este sector del sistema fluvial. Se seleccionaron 5 estaciones de muestreo para la concentración de metales pesados en el sedimento de los cauces y en cuatro de ellas se obtuvieron valores de nutrientes en agua. Estas mediciones se realizaron durante agosto del 2007 y se repitieron durante agosto del 2009. La determinación de nutrientes se realizó mediante el uso de un autoanalizador Technicon AutoAnalyzer II secuencial y por espectrofotometría se analizó la Materia Orgánica Particulada. Los valores de nutrientes hallados presentaron mayor variabilidad entre los años 2007 y 2009. Los máximos se observaron durante el primer año de medición, mientras que el máximo de amonio se observó en el colector principal para el año 2009. Se detectaron variables superiores a los niveles guía de protección de la vida acuática, como el caso de nitratos y fosfatos en el Arroyo Claromecó, tendencia que se mantuvo en casi todos los parámetros químicos, lo que se correspondería con descargas cloacales y secundariamente industriales de las plantas procesadoras por las que atraviesa este curso fluvial en el área urbana y periurbana de la localidad de Tres Arroyos. Los sedimentos fluviales analizados presentaron valores de metales pesados bajos-intermedios. El análisis de las variables físicas y químicas del agua reflejan para los afluentes del Arroyo Claromecó las características de sustrato y la influencia del uso agrícola ganadero circundante. El curso principal presenta un predominio del uso urbano e industrial a partir del mayor aporte de nutrientes a sus aguas, provenientes de descargas domésticas directas sin tratamiento.The creeks of the middle basin of the Arroyo Claromecó cross the town of Tres Arroyos with over 59 000 inhabitants, where an industrial plant and a wastewater treatment plant city is located. The aim of this paper is to analyze the quality of surface water courses of the basin to study human impact on this sector of the river system. We selected 5 sampling stations for the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment of rivers. In four of them values of nutrients in the water were obtained. These measurements were conducted during August 2007 and repeated in August 2009. The determination of nutrients was performed using a sequential Technicon Autoanalyzer II and the Particulate OrganicMatter was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The nutrient values showed greater variability between 2007 and 2009. The maxima were observed during the first year of measurement, while the maximum of ammonium was observed in the main sewer in 2009. Variables were detected above guideline levels for the protection of aquatic life, as the case of nitrates and phosphates in the Arroyo Claromecó. This trend was maintained for almost all the chemical parameters, which would correspond to secondary sewage and industrial discharges from plants processing by the river that runs through this course in peri-urban areas of the town of Tres Arroyos. The analyzed river sediments showed low to intermediate values of heavy metals. For the tributaries of the Arroyo Claromecó, the analysis of the physical and chemical variables of water reflects substrate characteristics and the influence of surrounding agricultural livestock. The main course presents a predominance of urban and industrial use from the increased supply of nutrients to the water, that come directly from untreated domestic dischargesFil: Carbone, Maria Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); ArgentinaFil: García Martínez, B.. Universidad de Sevilla. Facultad de Geografía e Historia; EspañaFil: Marcovecchio, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); ArgentinaFil: Piccolo, Maria Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); ArgentinaFil: Perillo, Gerardo Miguel E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (i); Argentin

Impedance measurements and simulations on the TCT and TDI LHC collimators

The LHC collimation system is a critical element for the safe operation of the LHC machine and it is subject to continuous performance monitoring, hardware upgrade and optimization. In this work we will address the impact on impedance of the upgrades performed on the injection protection target dump (TDI), where the absorber material has been changed to mitigate the device heating observed in machine operation, and on selected secondary (TCS) and tertiary (TCT) collimators, where beam position monitors (BPM) have been embedded for faster jaw alignment. Con- cerning the TDI, we will present the RF measurements per- formed before and after the upgrade, comparing the result to heating and tune shift beam measurements. For the TCTs, we will study how the higher order modes (HOM) intro- duced by the BPM addition have been cured by means of ferrite placement in the device. The impedance mitigation campaign has been supported by RF measurements whose results are in good agreement with GdfidL and CST simula- tions. The presence of undamped low frequency modes is proved not to be detrimental to the safe LHC operation

Design of a high power production target for the Beam Dump Facility at CERN

The Beam Dump Facility (BDF) project is a proposed general-purpose facility at CERN, dedicated to beam dump and fixed target experiments. In its initial phase, the facility is foreseen to be exploited by the Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment. Physics requirements call for a pulsed 400 GeV/c proton beam as well as the highest possible number of protons on target (POT) each year of operation, in order to search for feebly interacting particles. The target/dump assembly lies at the heart of the facility, with the aim of safely absorbing the full high intensity Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam, while maximizing the production of charmed and beauty mesons. High-Z materials are required for the target/dump, in order to have the shortest possible absorber and reduce muon background for the downstream experiment. The high average power deposited on target (305 kW) creates a challenge for heat removal. During the BDF facility Comprehensive Design Study (CDS), launched by CERN in 2016, extensive studies have been carried out in order to define and assess the target assembly design. These studies are described in the present contribution, which details the proposed design of the BDF production target, as well as the material selection process and the optimization of the target configuration and beam dilution. One of the specific challenges and novelty of this work is the need to consider new target materials, such as a molybdenum alloy (TZM) as core absorbing material and Ta2.5W as cladding. Thermo-structural and fluid dynamics calculations have been performed to evaluate the reliability of the target and its cooling system under beam operation. In the framework of the target comprehensive design, a preliminary mechanical design of the full target assembly has also been carried out, assessing the feasibility of the whole target system.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figure

Phenological Mismatch Between Season Advancement and Migration Timing Alters Arctic Plant Traits

Climate change is creating phenological mismatches between herbivores and their plant resources throughout the Arctic. While advancing growing seasons and changing arrival times of migratory herbivores can have consequences for herbivores and forage quality, developing mismatches could also influence other traits of plants, such as above‐ and below‐ground biomass and the type of reproduction, that are often not investigated. In coastal western Alaska, we conducted a 3‐year factorial experiment that simulated scenarios of phenological mismatch by manipulating the start of the growing season (3 weeks early and ambient) and grazing times (3 weeks early, typical, 3 weeks late, or no‐grazing) of Pacific black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans), to examine how the timing of these events influence a primary goose forage species, Carex subspathacea. After 3 years, an advanced growing season compared to a typical growing season increased stem heights, standing dead biomass, and the number of inflorescences. Early season grazing compared to typical season grazing reduced above‐ and below‐ground biomass, stem height, and the number of tillers; while late season grazing increased the number of inflorescences and standing dead biomass. Therefore, an advanced growing season and late grazing had similar directional effects on most plant traits, but a 3‐week delay in grazing had an impact on traits 3–5 times greater than a similarly timed shift in the advancement of spring. In addition, changes in response to treatments for some variables, such as the number of inflorescences, were not measurable until the second year of the experiment, while other variables, such as root productivity and number of tillers, changed the direction of their responses to treatments over time. Synthesis. Factors affecting the timing of migration have a larger influence than earlier springs on an important forage species in the breeding and rearing habitats of Pacific black brant. The phenological mismatch prediction for this site of earlier springs and later goose arrival will likely increase above‐ and below‐ground biomass and sexual reproduction of the often‐clonally reproducing C. subspathacea. Finally, the implications of mismatch may be difficult to predict because some variables required successive years of mismatch to respond

ROS in cancer therapy: the bright side of the moon.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a group of highly reactive molecules that have evolved as regulators of important signaling pathways. It is now well accepted that moderate levels of ROS are required for several cellular functions, including gene expression. The production of ROS is elevated in tumor cells as a consequence of increased metabolic rate, gene mutation and relative hypoxia, and excess ROS are quenched by increased antioxidant enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways in the same cells. Moderate increases of ROS contribute to several pathologic conditions, among which are tumor promotion and progression, as they are involved in different signaling pathways and induce DNA mutation. However, ROS are also able to trigger programmed cell death (PCD). Our review will emphasize the molecular mechanisms useful for the development of therapeutic strategies that are based on modulating ROS levels to treat cancer. Specifically, we will report on the growing data that highlight the role of ROS generated by different metabolic pathways as Trojan horses to eliminate cancer cells

In vitro effect of amifostine on haematopoietic progenitors exposed to carboplatin and non-alkylating antineoplastic drugs: haematoprotection acts as a drug-specific progenitor rescue.

We evaluated the protective ability of amifostine on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived colony-forming unit (CFU) and PB CD34+ cells which were previously exposed in vitro to etoposide, carboplatin, doxorubicin and taxotere. Amifostine pretreatment protected PBMC-derived CFU from the toxic effect of etoposide, carboplatin and taxotere. A significant detrimental effect was exerted by amifostine on the growth of doxorubicin-treated PBMC-derived CFU. Liquid cultures of PB CD34+ cells reproduced faithfully the effects observed on growth of PBMC-derived CFU and confirmed amifostine chemoprotection against etoposide and carboplatin with its detrimental effect on doxorubicin-treated progenitors. Combining the data of viable cell count, cytometric estimation of apoptosis, cell cycle and viable cell replication rate, we found that amifostine protects from etoposide and carboplatin toxicity mainly through a mechanism of cell rescue. Conversely, the detrimental effect of amifostine on the growth of doxorubicin-treated PB CD34+ cells is apparently due to an increased G2/M arrest. In conclusion, amifostine protects haematopoietic progenitors from etoposide, carboplatin and taxotere. Progenitor rescue is the mechanism through which amifostine reduced etoposide and carboplatin toxicity

Color plasma oscillation in strangelets

The dispersion relation and damping rate of longitudinal color plasmons in finite strange quark matter (strangelets) are evaluated in the limits of weak coupling, low temperature, and long wavelength. The property of the QCD vacuum surrounding a strangelet makes the frequency of the plasmons nearly the same as the color plasma frequency of bulk matter. The plasmons are damped by their coupling with individual excitations of particle-hole pairs of quarks, of which the energy levels are discretized by the boundary. For strangelets of macroscopic size, the lifetime of the plasmons is found to be proportional to the size, as in the case of the usual plasma oscillations in metal nanoparticles.Comment: 9 pages (REVTeX), 2 Postscript figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.