The impact of urban transportation on air pollution and the role of subway inits control (Tehran, Beijing, Barcelona)

Many scholars believe that air pollution can be defined when it is mixed with  technical indicators. Therefore,in his legal dictionary, Garner has defined air  pollution as any material and harmful energy that directly or indirectly emit in the air in such as a way that harm the environment, welfare, or public health. Air pollution has both natural and synthetic origin. In the meantime, transport is one of the  causes of pollution that is in artificial emissions group and has a major contribution to air pollution.Urban rail transportation is considered as an efficient factor in reducing transport-related pollution, and thusin addition to its ability in rapid and massive transportation, subway can play an important role in sustainable urban development. In this article, we have tried to examine the role of transportation in urban air pollution as well as the subway role in reducing these emissions, and subways in Tehran, Beijing, and Barcelona havebeen investigated and the outstanding role of subway is identified because of the high volume of human transportation and reducing traffic in the city.Key words: transportation, air pollution, subways, traffi

Quantum optical coherence tomography of a biological sample

Quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) makes use of an entangled-photon light source to carry out dispersion-immune axial optical sectioning. We present the first experimental QOCT images of a biological sample: an onion-skin tissue coated with gold nanoparticles. 3D images are presented in the form of 2D sections of different orientations.Comment: 16 Pages, 6 Figure

MINDFUL CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON

We compare Lebanese and American consumers on mindful consumption behavior. We define mindful consumers as individuals who, in all stages of consumer behavior, are aware of themselves, their communities and the society at large and behave in ways that contribute to the well-being of all these entities. We conducted a two-phase survey on a total of 210 consumers, 97 in the USA and 113 in Lebanon. We found significant impacts of consumers’ life beliefs such as satisfaction with life, locus of control, and temporal focus and of life values on different aspects of their mindful behavior

Gaugino condensation in an improved heterotic M-theory

Gaugino condensation is discussed in the context of a consistent new version of low energy heterotic M-theory. The four dimensional reduction of the theory is described, based on simple boson and fermion backgrounds. This is generalised to include gaugino condenstates and various background fluxes, some with non-trivial topology. It is found that condensate and quantised flux contributions to the four-dimensional superpotential contain no corrections due to the warping of the higher dimensional metric.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, LaTe

ISLAMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP IMPLEMENTATION IN MUSLIM FAMILY BUSINESS (Case Study of PT Ma’soem Employees)

One of the factors affecting the economy today is a family company. More than 95% of businesses in Indonesia are family owned. 85% of the majority Muslim population should be controlled by Muslims, but in fact 35% of non-Muslims can control the Indonesian economy, from trade to manufacturing. This study aims to determine how the implementation of Islamic entrepreneurship at PT Ma’soem. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods, the population is PT Ma’soem employees, with a sample of 100 people with non-probability sampling techniques. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire. The results of the study show that the implementation of Islamic entrepreneurship in a very good category is based on three diluted variables, namely the characteristics of Islamic entrepreneurship, the nature of Islamic entrepreneurship and aspects of blessing. Overall, the lowest dimension in getting an assessment is the nature of Islamic entrepreneurship, Islam has its own entrepreneurial characteristics and guiding principles based on the Qur'an and hadith to guide entrepreneurial activities, which will have implications for the index for success in entrepreneurship and the above variables direct Muslim entrepreneurs to conduct their business activities based on the Qur'an and Hadith, this company has carried out the principles of Islamic entrepreneurship well but still has to pay more attention to employees in accordance with sharia, and the lack of reading the verses of the Koran in the office.Hadith so that this company must pay more attention to the company in accordance with sharia, and even more playing Qur-an in the office

Job Stress and Work Ability Among Emergency Nurses in Isfahan, Iran

Background: Job stress is one of the most common health problems with clinical and psychological consequences, which can affect work ability among emergency nurses. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to shed light on the status of this disorder and its relevance to work ability in nurses in the emergency departments (EDs). Objectives: The current study aimed to determine job stress among emergency nurses and its association with work ability. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Two hundred nurses who worked in the EDs were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire and special scales to assess their job stress and work ability. T-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean job stress and work ability scores were 151.09 ± 0.01 and 26.9 ± 8.2, respectively. Fifty-five percent of the subjects had high job stress and fifty-seven percent showed low work ability. A significant indirect correlation was found between job stress and work ability scores in the subjects (P = 0.015). Conclusions: Nurses working in the EDs experience a high level of job stress and low work ability. This may decrease the quality of care and patients’ safety. Fulfilling the staff shortage in ED and improving management behaviors are important in this regard

Correlation between broiler lameness and anatomical measurements of bone using radiographical projections with assessments of consistency across and within radiographs

Lameness represents a major welfare and production issue in the poultry industry with a recent survey estimating 27% of birds lame and 3% unable to walk by 40 d of age. A variety of factors may induce lameness and are typically grouped into 2 broad classes on the basis of being infectious or skeletal in nature with the latter accounting for the majority of cases. The current work sought to build upon a large body of literature assessing the anatomical properties of bone in lame birds. Our specific objectives sought to identify relationships between relevant anatomical properties of the tibia and metatarsus using digital quantification from radiographs of legs and a measure of walking difficulty. Resulting output was statistically analyzed to assess 1) observer reliability for consistency in placing the leg during the radiograph procedure and quantification of the various measures within a radiograph, 2) the relationship between the various measurements of anatomical bone properties and sex, bird mass, and gait score, and 3) the relationship between each measurement and leg symmetry. Our anatomical bone measures were found to be reliable (intra-rater and test-retest reliabilities < 0.75) within radiograph for all measures and 8 of the 10 measures across radiographs. Several measures of bone properties in the tibia correlated to difficulty walking as measured by gait score (P < 0.05), indicating greater angulations with increasing lameness. Of the measures that manifested a gait score × bird mass interaction, heavier birds appeared to exhibit less angulation with increasing difficulty walking with lighter birds the opposite. These interactions suggest possibilities for influencing effects of activity or feed intake on bone mineralization with the bone angulation observed. Our efforts agree with that of others and indicate that angulation of the tibia may be related to lameness, though subsequent efforts involving comprehensive measures of bird activity, growth rates, and internal bone structure will be needed if the validity of the measures are to be accepte

Enhanced Parallel Hash Function Algorithm Based on 3C Construction (EPHFA-3C)

The hash function is a function that can convert data from variable size to fixed-size data that can be used in security of communication like, authentication, digital signature and integration. In this paper, a parallel, secure and fast hash function algorithm that is based on 3C construction is proposed. It is an enhancement for the MD construction. This enhancement makes the construction more resistant to the extension and multi-blocks attacks. The parallel structure of the algorithm improves the speed of hashing and reduces the number of operations. The simulation analysis such as hashes distribution, confusion and diffusion properties, and collision resistance are executed. Based on the results, our proposed hash algorithm is efficient, simple, and has strong security compared with some recent hash algorithms

Mechanical Properties of Silicon Nanowires with Native Oxide Surface State

Silicon nanowires have attracted considerable interest due to their wide-ranging applications in nanoelectromechanical systems and nanoelectronics. Molecular dynamics simulations are powerful tools for studying the mechanical properties of nanowires. However, these simulations encounter challenges in interpreting the mechanical behavior and brittle to ductile transition of silicon nanowires, primarily due to surface effects such as the assumption of an unreconstructed surface state. This study specifically focuses on the tensile deformation of silicon nanowires with a native oxide layer, considering critical parameters such as cross-sectional shape, length-to-critical dimension ratio, temperature, the presence of nano-voids, and strain rate. By incorporating the native oxide layer, the article aims to provide a more realistic representation of the mechanical behavior for different critical dimensions and crystallographic orientations of silicon nanowires. The findings contribute to the advancement of knowledge regarding size-dependent elastic properties and strength of silicon nanowires.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure