Formation and relaxation of RbHe exciplexes on He nanodroplets studied by femtosecond pump and picosecond probe spectroscopy

Vibrationally resolved photoionization spectra of RbHe exciplexes forming on He nanodroplets are recorded using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with amplitude-shaped probe pulses. The time-evolution of the spectra reveals an exciplex formation time ~10ps followed by vibrational relaxation extending up to >1ns. This points to an indirect, time-delayed desorption process of RbHe off the He surface

A Robotics Systems Design Need: A Design Standard to Provide the Systems Focus that is Required for Longterm Exploration Efforts

The United States is entering a new period of human exploration of the inner Solar System, and robotic human helpers will be partners in that effort. In order to support integration of these new worker robots into existing and new human systems, a new design standard should be developed, to be called the Robot-Systems Integration Standard (RSIS). It will address the requirements for and constraints upon robotic collaborators with humans. These workers are subject to the same functional constraints as humans of work, reach, and visibility/situational awareness envelopes, and they will deal with the same maintenance and communication interfaces. Thus, the RSIS will be created by discipline experts with the same sort of perspective on these and other interface concerns as human engineers

If your P value looks too good to be true, it probably is: Communicating reproducibility and variability in cell biology

The cell biology literature is littered with erroneously tiny P values, often the result of evaluating individual cells as independent samples. Because readers use P values and error bars to infer whether a reported difference would likely recur if the experiment were repeated, the sample size N used for statistical tests should actually be the number of times an experiment is performed, not the number of cells (or subcellular structures) analyzed across all experiments. P values calculated using the number of cells do not reflect the reproducibility of the result and are thus highly misleading. To help authors avoid this mistake, we provide examples and practical tutorials for creating figures that communicate both the cell-level variability and the experimental reproducibility.Comment: Modified Figure 1A to use the identical dataset as B-C. Included tutorial for making plots in R, Python, and Excel. Replaced on comparing biological vs technical replicates with expanded explanation of population sampling. Included discussion of estimation statistics and forest plots as a reasonable alternative to P values. Clarified the benefits of the P value, despite its flaw

A research methodology for characterising dairy product consumption systems

This document on characterisation methodology specifically refers to the dairy consumption systems. The methodology developed and presented herein aims at guiding the activities of scientists who wish to investigate the dairy consumption systems at or around a specific site. Some characterisation of dairy product consumption has been conducted at most ILCA zonal sites. Pursued by different scientists at different times and places, a variety of methodological approaches have been employed in conducting these studies. This document is based upon ILCA's experiences at its zonal sites and incorporates the methodological lessons learned in the course of the studies. The steps that have been followed in constructing the conceptual framework instruments and in specifying the analytical methods are outlined. Data collected and analysed following this format will allow drawing conclusions about a particular location and its consumption system. It will also facilitate planning future research and development activities

Strongly anisotropic roughness in surfaces driven by an oblique particle flux

Using field theoretic renormalization, an MBE-type growth process with an obliquely incident influx of atoms is examined. The projection of the beam on the substrate plane selects a "parallel" direction, with rotational invariance restricted to the transverse directions. Depending on the behavior of an effective anisotropic surface tension, a line of second order transitions is identified, as well as a line of potentially first order transitions, joined by a multicritical point. Near the second order transitions and the multicritical point, the surface roughness is strongly anisotropic. Four different roughness exponents are introduced and computed, describing the surface in different directions, in real or momentum space. The results presented challenge an earlier study of the multicritical point.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, REVTeX

Area-preserving dynamics of a long slender finger by curvature: a test case for the globally conserved phase ordering

A long and slender finger can serve as a simple ``test bed'' for different phase ordering models. In this work, the globally-conserved, interface-controlled dynamics of a long finger is investigated, analytically and numerically, in two dimensions. An important limit is considered when the finger dynamics are reducible to the area-preserving motion by curvature. A free boundary problem for the finger shape is formulated. An asymptotic perturbation theory is developed that uses the finger aspect ratio as a small parameter. The leading-order approximation is a modification of ``the Mullins finger" (a well-known analytic solution) which width is allowed to slowly vary with time. This time dependence is described, in the leading order, by an exponential law with the characteristic time proportional to the (constant) finger area. The subleading terms of the asymptotic theory are also calculated. Finally, the finger dynamics is investigated numerically, employing the Ginzburg-Landau equation with a global conservation law. The theory is in a very good agreement with the numerical solution.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Latex; corrected typo