Моделирование уравнений проекционного осциллографирования на машине "ЭМУ-10"

The passive-alignment-packaging technique presented in this work provides a method for mounting tolerance-insensitive optical components e.g. non-linear crystals by means of mechanical stops. The requested tolerances for the angle deviation are ±100 µrad and for the position tolerance ±100 µm. Only the angle tolerances were investigated, because they are more critical. The measurements were carried out with an autocollimator. Fused silica components were used for test series. A solder investigation was carried out. Different types of solder were tested. Due to good solderability on air and low induced stress in optical components, Sn based solders were indicated as the most suitable solders. In addition several concepts of reflow soldering configuration were realized. In the first iteration a system with only the alignment of the yaw angle was implemented. The deviation for all materials after the thermal and mechanical cycling was within the tolerances. The solderability of BBO and LBO crystals was investigated and concepts for mounting were developed

Heated gas bubbles enrich, crystallize, dry, phosphorylate and encapsulate prebiotic molecules

Non-equilibrium conditions must have been crucial for the assembly of the first informational polymers of early life, by supporting their formation and continuous enrichment in a long-lasting environment. Here, we explore how gas bubbles in water subjected to a thermal gradient, a likely scenario within crustal mafic rocks on the early Earth, drive a complex, continuous enrichment of prebiotic molecules. RNA precursors, monomers, active ribozymes, oligonucleotides and lipids are shown to (1) cycle between dry and wet states, enabling the central step of RNA phosphorylation, (2) accumulate at the gas–water interface to drastically increase ribozymatic activity, (3) condense into hydrogels, (4) form pure crystals and (5) encapsulate into protecting vesicle aggregates that subsequently undergo fission. These effects occur within less than 30 min. The findings unite, in one location, the physical conditions that were crucial for the chemical emergence of biopolymers. They suggest that heated microbubbles could have hosted the first cycles of molecular evolution

Critical assessment of LC3/GABARAP ligands used for degrader development and ligandability of LC3/GABARAP binding pockets

Recent successes in developing small molecule degraders that act through the ubiquitin system have spurred efforts to extend this technology to other mechanisms, including the autophagosomal-lysosomal pathway. Therefore, reports of autophagosome tethering compounds (ATTECs) have received considerable attention from the drug development community. ATTECs are based on the recruitment of targets to LC3/GABARAP, a family of ubiquitin-like proteins that presumably bind to the autophagosome membrane and tether cargo-loaded autophagy receptors into the autophagosome. In this work, we rigorously tested the target engagement of the reported ATTECs to validate the existing LC3/GABARAP ligands. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect interaction with their designated target LC3 using a diversity of biophysical methods. Intrigued by the idea of developing ATTECs, we evaluated the ligandability of LC3/GABARAP by in silico docking and large-scale crystallographic fragment screening. Data based on approximately 1000 crystal structures revealed that most fragments bound to the HP2 but not to the HP1 pocket within the LIR docking site, suggesting a favorable ligandability of HP2. Through this study, we identified diverse validated LC3/GABARAP ligands and fragments as starting points for chemical probe and ATTEC development

Traits associated with choosing social work as a career

This was a study of traits associated with the choice of social work as a career. Two samples of people from the metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon, who had shown an interest in social work, were studied, together with the factors that influenced this interest. The traits and factors considered were substantially those examined by Arnulf M. Pins in Who Chooses Social Work, When and Why? Traits measured by the Pins study of individuals who had gone on to graduate education in social work were held indicative of individuals most likely to become professional social workers. The Pins’ questionnaire was slightly modified for appropriate application to the sample population of 150 taken from the files of Social Work Careers in Oregon, Incorporated, (SWC) and the sample of twenty two Oregon Public Welfare employees attending the Oregon City Orientation Center (OC) in June 1967. Examination of these traits and factors was undertaken to provide information for a more thorough understanding and an evaluation of characteristics associated with consideration of social service as a career, the future evaluation of policy direction and practice for recruitment efforts, the evaluation of potential students by schools of social work, the selection of agency personnel, and the contribution of knowledge in the field of social work about career patterns of nonprofessional and professional social workers. Two general hypotheses guided the comparison of the Oregon samples with the Pins’ findings: the traits of the Oregon samples (SWC and OC) are not significantly different from the Pins\u27 sample, there is no significant difference between the OC and SWC samples with respect to independent variables influencing the time that a career in social work is chosen. Descriptive and statistical inferential tests were used to analyze the data. No significant differences in the OC group and the Pins’ sample of first year graduate students were revealed in the specific traits analyzed, i.e., undergraduate major of social science; previous work experience; time of awareness, consideration, and decision of choice of social work as a career; and the conception of the most important functions of social work. The statistically significant differences between the SWC and the OC/Pins\u27 groups were: 1) a larger number in the SWC group decided earlier on social work as a career, 2) fewer in the SWC group took psychology courses, 3) a greater proportion of the SWC sample chose as their major reasons for considering social work liking to work with people and “the important contribution social work makes to individuals and society , 4) the SWC sample was not as predominantly committed to the casework method. Both hypotheses were rejected as a whole, but with important distinctions drawn. It was found that the SWC sample and Pins\u27 sample were significantly different, but that the OC sample and Pins\u27 sample were not significantly different. The conclusions were that the people who contacted SWC appeared to be good prospects for entry into the field of social service at the bachelor\u27s level and the OC sample at the master’s leve1. Generalizations about the social work community or those considering employment in the social work community should be cautiously drawn both because of the complexity of the association of traits and the limited size of the populations studied. The major factors influencing individuals to enter the field of social work were direct work or volunteer experience in social work, college courses or instructors, and acquaintance with social workers. The study would have been enhanced by inclusion of more questions in the questionnaire that measured values and personality traits and by an examination of traits of a sample drawn from the general population

Anaerobic degradation of p-xylene by a sulfate-reducing enrichment culture.

A strictly anaerobic enrichment culture was obtained with p-xylene as organic substrate and sulfate as electron acceptor from an aquifer at a former gasworks plant contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons. p-Xylene was completely oxidized to CO(2). The enrichment culture depended on Fe(II) in the medium as a scavenger of the produced sulfide. 4-Methylbenzylsuccinic acid and 4-methylphenylitaconic acid were identified in supernatants of cultures indicating that degradation of p-xylene was initiated by fumarate addition to one of the methyl groups. Therefore, p-xylene degradation probably proceeds analogously to toluene degradation by Thauera aromatica or anaerobic degradation pathways for o- and m-xylene

Degradation of o-xylene and m-xylene by a novel sulfate-reducer belonging to the genus Desulfotomaculum.

A strictly anaerobic bacterium, strain OX39, was isolated with o-xylene as organic substrate and sulfate as electron acceptor from an aquifer at a former gasworks plant contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons. Apart from o-xylene, strain OX39 grew on m-xylene and toluene and all three substrates were oxidized completely to CO2. Induction experiments indicated that o-xylene, m-xylene, and toluene degradation were initiated by different specific enzymes. Methylbenzylsuccinate was identified in supernatants of cultures grown on o-xylene and m-xylene, and benzylsuccinate was detected in supernatants of toluene-grown cells, thus indicating that degradation was initiated in all three cases by fumarate addition to the methyl group. Strain OX39 was sensitive towards sulfide and depended on Fe(II) in the medium as a scavenger of the produced sulfide. Analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain OX39 affiliates with the gram-positive endospore-forming sulfate reducers of the genus Desulfotomaculum and is the first hydrocarbonoxidizing bacterium in this genus