ગાંધીયુગીન ગુજરાતી કવિતામાં સત્યાગ્રહ અને અહિંસાનું નિરૂપણ

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Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago

Understanding the timing and character of Homo sapiens expansion out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonisation and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka), that only reached the East Mediterranean Levant, and a later phase, ~60-50 ka, that extended across the diverse environments of Eurasia to Sahul. However, recent findings from East Asia and Sahul challenge this model. Here we show that H. sapiens was in the Arabian Peninsula before 85 ka. We describe the Al Wusta-1 (AW-1) intermediate phalanx from the site of Al Wusta in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia. AW-1 is the oldest directly dated fossil of our species outside Africa and the Levant. The palaeoenvironmental context of Al Wusta demonstrates that H. sapiens using Middle Palaeolithic stone tools dispersed into Arabia during a phase of increased precipitation driven by orbital forcing, in association with a primarily African fauna. A Bayesian model incorporating independent chronometric age estimates indicates a chronology for Al Wusta of ~95-86 ka, which we correlate with a humid episode in the later part of Marine Isotope Stage 5 known from various regional records. Al Wusta shows that early dispersals were more spatially and temporally extensive than previously thought. Early H. sapiens dispersals out of Africa were not limited to winter rainfall-fed Levantine Mediterranean woodlands immediately adjacent to Africa, but extended deep into the semi-arid grasslands of Arabia, facilitated by periods of enhanced monsoonal rainfall

Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago.

Understanding the timing and character of the expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa is critical for inferring the colonization and admixture processes that underpin global population history. It has been argued that dispersal out of Africa had an early phase, particularly ~130-90 thousand years ago (ka), that reached only the East Mediterranean Levant, and a later phase, ~60-50 ka, that extended across the diverse environments of Eurasia to Sahul. However, recent findings from East Asia and Sahul challenge this model. Here we show that H. sapiens was in the Arabian Peninsula before 85 ka. We describe the Al Wusta-1 (AW-1) intermediate phalanx from the site of Al Wusta in the Nefud desert, Saudi Arabia. AW-1 is the oldest directly dated fossil of our species outside Africa and the Levant. The palaeoenvironmental context of Al Wusta demonstrates that H. sapiens using Middle Palaeolithic stone tools dispersed into Arabia during a phase of increased precipitation driven by orbital forcing, in association with a primarily African fauna. A Bayesian model incorporating independent chronometric age estimates indicates a chronology for Al Wusta of ~95-86 ka, which we correlate with a humid episode in the later part of Marine Isotope Stage 5 known from various regional records. Al Wusta shows that early dispersals were more spatially and temporally extensive than previously thought. Early H. sapiens dispersals out of Africa were not limited to winter rainfall-fed Levantine Mediterranean woodlands immediately adjacent to Africa, but extended deep into the semi-arid grasslands of Arabia, facilitated by periods of enhanced monsoonal rainfall

Apelin Attenuates the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Vascular calcification, which results from a process osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Apelin is a recently discovered peptide that is the endogenous ligand for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, APJ. Several studies have identified the protective effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system. However, the effects and mechanisms of apelin on the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs have not been elucidated. Using a culture of calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVMSCs) as a model for the study of vascular calcification, the relationship between apelin and the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs and the signal pathway involved were investigated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin secretion were examined in CVSMCs. The involved signal pathway was studied using the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, PD98059, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor, LY294002, and APJ siRNA. The results showed that apelin inhibited ALP activity, osteocalcin secretion, and the formation of mineralized nodules. APJ protein was detected in CVSMCs, and apelin activated ERK and AKT (a downstream effector of PI3-K). Suppression of APJ with siRNA abolished the apelin-induced activation of ERK and Akt. Furthermore, inhibition of APJ expression, and the activation of ERK or PI3-K, reversed the effects of apelin on ALP activity. These results showed that apelin inhibited the osteoblastic differentiation of CVSMCs through the APJ/ERK and APJ/PI3-K/AKT signaling pathway. Apelin appears to play a protective role against arterial calcification

Contextual Classification of Polarimetric Sar Data Through a Complex-Valued Kernel and Global Energy Minimization

This paper addresses the challenges of supervised semantic segmentation using Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data for land cover mapping. We extend previous approaches relying on spatial-contextual classifier based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Markov Random Field (MRF) models. The kernel used in this work extends a previously presented complex formulation based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). In this paper, we present a symmetrized form of this complex kernel, integrating it with global energy minimization techniques, and show that it provides more accurate predictions. The proposed approach achieves competitive accuracy on benchmark datasets, comparable to those of deep learning algorithms. The method's advantage lies in its lower resource requirements, making it a promising alternative for PolSAR semantic segmentation

Isolation and identification of the most important aflatoxin B1-producing species in Najaf Governorate respiratory patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some biological methods for removing toxins or reducing the toxic effect of aflatoxin.  Initially, the genus Aspergillus spp was isolated from chronic lung infections, Sputum samples were collected from patients with chest and respiratory diseases who visited the consulting clinic, and the samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination and agricultural and molecular diagnosis using PCR technology. Aflatoxin B1 chemical detection also indicated the use of some poison detection methods, such as the ammonia vapour method, a kind-layer chromatic analysis, and high performance chromatography. The tested isolation gave the same result as the ammonia test for ultraviolet rays by changing the color of the inverted dish to red-carbon and expressing one isolation as a negative result of the test

Using B.clausii to reduce the effects of aflatoxin B1

In the experiment, a bacteria (B. clausii) was more efficient, with a percentage of inhibition of 58.03 percent, while a bacteria (B. subtilis) had a percentage of inhibition of (55.28 percent), so it was chosen in our study to test its efficiency as a probiotic to remove toxins in rats. So 12 rats were divided into four groups, each with three rats. The first group was the control group, which was given only food and water, and the second group was given (0.5) ml of aflatoxin poison for each rat. For each rat, the third group received (0.5) ml of B clausii suspension and the fourth group received (0.5) ml of B. clausii suspension + (0.5) ml of aflatoxin toxin) for 21 days. The findings suggest that B.subtilis bacteria have effects. By increasing the weights of male rats inoculated with B.subtilis alone and the group (B.clausii + aflatoxin toxin), B.subtilis bacteria were able to remove a large percentage of the negative effects of aflatoxin.&nbsp