The Relation Between Stock Market Movements and NYSE Seat Prices

Exchange seat prices are widely reported and followed as measures of market sentiment. This paper analyzes the information content of NYSE seat prices using: (1) annual seat prices from 1869 to 1998, and (2) the complete record of trades, bids and offers for the seat market from 1973 to 1994. Seat market volumes have predictive power regarding future stock market returns, consistent with a model where seat market activity is a proxy for unobserved factors affecting expected returns. We find abnormally large price movements in seats prior to October 1987, consistent with the hypothesis that seat prices capture market sentiment

Depression treatment in individuals with cancer: a comparative analysis with cardio-metabolic conditions

A clear picture of the current state of nationwide depression treatment practices in individuals with cancer and depression does not exist in the United States (US). Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine rates of any depression treatment among individuals with cancer and depression in the US. To better understand the relationship between any treatment for depression and presence of cancer, we used a comparison group of individuals with cardio-metabolic conditions owing to the similar challenges faced in management of depression in individuals with these conditions. We used a retrospective cross-sectional design and data from multiple years of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative household-survey on healthcare utilization and expenditures. Study sample consisted of adults aged 21 or older with self-reported depression and cancer (n=528) or self-reported depression and diabetes, heart disease or hypertension (n=1643). Depression treatment comprised of any use of antidepres- sants and/or any use of mental health counseling services. Treatment rates for depression were 78.0% and 81.7% among individuals with cancer and cardio-metabolic conditions respectively. After controlling for socio-demographic, access-to-care, number of physician-visits, health-status, and lifestyle risk-factors related variables; individuals with cancer were less likely to report any treatment for depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio=0.67; 95% Confidence Interval=0.49, 0.92) compared to individuals with cardio-metabolic conditions (P≤0.01). Our findings highlight the possibility that competing demands may crowd out treatment for depression and that cancer diagnosis may be a barrier to depression treatment

INSIGHTS ON DRUG TARGETING OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII HOST INVASION PROTEINS: A REVIEW

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects homoeothermic animals. It is also the major cause of retinochoroiditis in humans.Drugs targeting T. gondii proteins involved in the establishment of host-pathogen interactions is well documented to be an efficient way to combatthe infections. Basically, parasitic invasion of T. gondii occurs by the sequential secretion of apical membrane antigen 1 and rhoptry neck proteins onthe parasite and host cell surfaces, respectively. These proteins operate synergistically and form the moving junction (MJ) complex, thereby, enablingattachment and penetration of the parasite into the host cell. Better understanding of molecular interactions of these proteins is essential to develophighly efficient therapeutic modalities. Hence, by this review it is intended to update the current status of rhoptry and other MJ complex proteins asideal candidates for targeting T. gondii.Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Rhoptry proteins, Moving junction complex, Toxoplasmosis

Energy extremality in the presence of a black hole

We derive the so-called first law of black hole mechanics for variations about stationary black hole solutions to the Einstein--Maxwell equations in the absence of sources. That is, we prove that $\delta M=\kappa\delta A+\omega\delta J+VdQ$ where the black hole parameters $M, \kappa, A, \omega, J, V$ and $Q$ denote mass, surface gravity, horizon area, angular velocity of the horizon, angular momentum, electric potential of the horizon and charge respectively. The unvaried fields are those of a stationary, charged, rotating black hole and the variation is to an arbitrary `nearby' black hole which is not necessarily stationary. Our approach is 4-dimensional in spirit and uses techniques involving Action variations and Noether operators. We show that the above formula holds on any asymptotically flat spatial 3-slice which extends from an arbitrary cross-section of the (future) horizon to spatial infinity.(Thus, the existence of a bifurcation surface is irrelevant to our demonstration. On the other hand, the derivation assumes without proof that the horizon possesses at least one of the following two (related)properties: ($i$) it cannot be destroyed by arbitrarily small perturbations of the metric and other fields which may be present, ($ii$) the expansion of the null geodesic generators of the perturbed horizon goes to zero in the distant future.)Comment: 30 pages, latex fil