33,181 research outputs found
The spillover effects of monitoring:A field experiment
Published Online: March 13, 2015We provide field experimental evidence of the effects of monitoring in a context where productivity is multidimensional and only one dimension is monitored and incentivized. We hire students to do a job for us. The job consists of identifying euro coins. We study the direct effects of monitoring and penalizing mistakes on work quality and evaluate spillovers on unmonitored dimensions of productivity (punctuality and theft). We find that monitoring improves work quality only if incentives are harsh, but substantially reduces punctuality irrespectively of the associated incentives. Monitoring does not affect theft, with 10% of participants stealing overall. Our findings are supportive of a reciprocity mechanism, whereby workers retaliate for being distrusted
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Komprehensif HIV dan AIDS melalui Peer Group
Pendidikan kesehatan tentang HIV dan AIDS bagi remaja sangat penting dilakukan karena angka kejadian HIV dan AIDS mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Dari 65 juta remaja hanya 20,6% yang memiliki pengetahuan komprehensif tentang HIV dan AIDS. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode peer group terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan komprehensif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimen dengan pretest and post-test control group design. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa SMAN 11 Kota Jambi. Teknik sampling menggunakan simple random sampling dengan besar sampel 70 siswa. Kelompok intervensi diberikan intervensi dengan metode peer group sedangkan kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi intervensi metode peer group (metode ceramah). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t dependent dan uji t independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p=0,000) skor mean pengetahuan siswa setelah diberikan metode peer group dengan pre-test (12,485 ± 2,33) dan post-test (21,685 ± 3,25). Pengetahuan pre-test kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p=0,959). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p=0,013) rata-rata skor pengetahuan antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol setelah diberikan intervensi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh metode peer group terhadap peningkatan pengetahun komprehensif siswa
Quantitative Stability of Linear Infinite Inequality Systems under Block Perturbations with Applications to Convex Systems
The original motivation for this paper was to provide an efficient
quantitative analysis of convex infinite (or semi-infinite) inequality systems
whose decision variables run over general infinite-dimensional (resp.
finite-dimensional) Banach spaces and that are indexed by an arbitrary fixed
set . Parameter perturbations on the right-hand side of the inequalities are
required to be merely bounded, and thus the natural parameter space is
. Our basic strategy consists of linearizing the parameterized
convex system via splitting convex inequalities into linear ones by using the
Fenchel-Legendre conjugate. This approach yields that arbitrary bounded
right-hand side perturbations of the convex system turn on constant-by-blocks
perturbations in the linearized system. Based on advanced variational analysis,
we derive a precise formula for computing the exact Lipschitzian bound of the
feasible solution map of block-perturbed linear systems, which involves only
the system's data, and then show that this exact bound agrees with the
coderivative norm of the aforementioned mapping. In this way we extend to the
convex setting the results of [3] developed for arbitrary perturbations with no
block structure in the linear framework under the boundedness assumption on the
system's coefficients. The latter boundedness assumption is removed in this
paper when the decision space is reflexive. The last section provides the aimed
application to the convex case
A Research and Strategy of Remote Sensing Image Denoising Algorithms
Most raw data download from satellites are useless, resulting in transmission
waste, one solution is to process data directly on satellites, then only
transmit the processed results to the ground. Image processing is the main data
processing on satellites, in this paper, we focus on image denoising which is
the basic image processing. There are many high-performance denoising
approaches at present, however, most of them rely on advanced computing
resources or rich images on the ground. Considering the limited computing
resources of satellites and the characteristics of remote sensing images, we do
some research on these high-performance ground image denoising approaches and
compare them in simulation experiments to analyze whether they are suitable for
satellites. According to the analysis results, we propose two feasible image
denoising strategies for satellites based on satellite TianZhi-1.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, ICNC-FSKD 201
Eco Global Evaluation: Cross Benefits of Economic and Ecological Evaluation
This paper highlights the complementarities of cost and environmental evaluation in a sustainable approach. Starting with the needs and limits for whole product lifecycle evaluation, this paper begins with the modeling, data capture and performance indicator aspects. In a second step, the information issue, regarding the whole lifecycle of the product is addressed. In order to go further than the economical evaluations/assessment, the value concept (for a product or a service) is discussed. Value could combine functional requirements, cost objectives and environmental impact. Finally, knowledge issues which address the complexity of integrating multi-disciplinary expertise to the whole lifecycle of a product are discussing.EcoSD NetworkEcoSD networ
Solving ill-posed bilevel programs
This paper deals with ill-posed bilevel programs, i.e., problems admitting multiple lower-level solutions for some upper-level parameters. Many publications have been devoted to the standard optimistic case of this problem, where the difficulty is essentially moved from the objective function to the feasible set. This new problem is simpler but there is no guaranty to obtain local optimal solutions for the original optimistic problem by this process. Considering the intrinsic non-convexity of bilevel programs, computing local optimal solutions is the best one can hope to get in most cases. To achieve this goal, we start by establishing an equivalence between the original optimistic problem an a certain set-valued optimization problem. Next, we develop optimality conditions for the latter problem and show that they generalize all the results currently known in the literature on optimistic bilevel optimization. Our approach is then extended to multiobjective bilevel optimization, and completely new results are derived for problems with vector-valued upper- and lower-level objective functions. Numerical implementations of the results of this paper are provided on some examples, in order to demonstrate how the original optimistic problem can be solved in practice, by means of a special set-valued optimization problem
Coherent Moving States in Highway Traffic (Originally: Moving Like a Solid Block)
Recent advances in multiagent simulations have made possible the study of
realistic traffic patterns and allow to test theories based on driver
behaviour. Such simulations also display various empirical features of traffic
flows, and are used to design traffic controls that maximise the throughput of
vehicles in heavily transited highways. In addition to its intrinsic economic
value, vehicular traffic is of interest because it may throw light on some
social phenomena where diverse individuals competitively try to maximise their
own utilities under certain constraints.
In this paper, we present simulation results that point to the existence of
cooperative, coherent states arising from competitive interactions that lead to
a new phenomenon in heterogeneous highway traffic. As the density of vehicles
increases, their interactions cause a transition into a highly correlated state
in which all vehicles practically move with the same speed, analogous to the
motion of a solid block. This state is associated with a reduced lane changing
rate and a safe, high and stable flow. It disappears as the vehicle density
exceeds a critical value. The effect is observed in recent evaluations of Dutch
traffic data.Comment: Submitted on April 21, 1998. For related work see
http://www.theo2.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/helbing.html and
http://www.parc.xerox.com/dynamics
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