70 research outputs found
Black hole masses from power density spectra: determinations and consequences
We analyze the scaling of the X-ray power density spectra with the mass of
the black hole on the example of Cyg X-1 and Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548. We show
that the high frequency tail of the power density spectrum can be successfully
used for determination of the black hole mass. We determine the masses of the
black holes in 6 Broad Line Seyfert 1 galaxies, 5 Narrow Line Seyfert 1
galaxies and two QSOs using available power density spectra. The proposed
scaling is clearly appropriate for other Seyfert galaxies and QSOs. In all but
1 normal Seyferts the resulting luminosity to the Eddington luminosity ratio is
smaller than 0.15, with a source MCG -6-15-30 being an exception. The
applicability of the same scaling to Narrow Line Seyfert 1 is less clear and
there may be a systematic shift between the power spectra of NLS1 and S1
galaxies of the same mass, leading to underestimation of the black hole mass.
However, both the method based on variability and the method based on spectral
fitting show that those galaxies have relatively low masses and high luminosity
to the Eddington luminosity ratio, supporting the view of those objects as
analogs of galactic sources in their high/soft or very high state based on the
overall spectral shape. Bulge masses of their host galaxies are similar to
normal Seyfert galaxies so they do not follow the black hole mass-bulge mass
relation for Seyfert galaxies, being evolutionary less advanced, as suggested
by Mathur (2000). The bulge mass-black hole mass relation in our sample is
consistent with being linear, with black hole to bulge ratio 0.03 %,
similar to Wandel (1999) and Laor (1998, 2001) for low mass objects but
significantly shifted from the relation of Magorrian et al. (1998) and McLure &
Dunlop (2000).Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRA
The UV spectra of NLS1s - Implications for their broad line regions
We study the UV spectra of NLS1 galaxies and compare them with typical
Seyfert 1 galaxies and quasars. The NLS1 spectra show narrower UV lines as well
as weaker CIV lambda 1549 and CIII] lambda 1909 emission. We show that these
line properties are due to a lower ionization parameter and somewhat higher BLR
cloud densities. These modified conditions can be explained by the hotter big
blue bumps observed in NLS1s, which are in turn due to higher L/L_Edd ratios,
as shown by our accretion disk and corona modeling of the NLS1 continua. We
also present evidence that the Boroson & Green eigenvector 1, which is
correlated with the optical and UV emission-line properties, is not driven by
orientation and hence NLS1s, which have extreme eigenvector 1 values, are not
viewed from an extreme viewing angle.Comment: Contributed talk presented at the Joint MPE,AIP,ESO workshop on
NLS1s, Bad Honnef, Dec. 1999, to appear in New Astronomy Reviews; also
available at http://wave.xray.mpe.mpg.de/conferences/nls1-worksho
Quasar Evolution and the Baldwin Effect in the Large Bright Quasar Survey
From a large homogeneous sample of optical/UV emission line measurements for
993 quasars from the Large Bright Quasar Survey (LBQS), we study correlations
between emission line equivalent width and both restframe ultraviolet
luminosity (i.e., the Baldwin Effect) and redshift. Our semi-automated spectral
fitting accounts for absorption lines, fits blended iron emission, and provides
upper limits to weak emission lines. Use of a single large, well-defined sample
and consistent emission line measurements allows us to sensitively detect many
correlations, most of which have been previously noted. A new finding is a
significant Baldwin Effect in UV iron emission. Further analysis reveals that
the primary correlation of iron emission strength is probably with redshift,
implying an evolutionary rather than a luminosity effect. We show that for most
emission lines with a significant Baldwin Effect, and for some without,
evolution dominates over luminosity effects. This may reflect evolution in
abundances, in cloud covering factors, or overall cloud conditions such as
density and ionization. We find that in our sample, a putative correlation
between Baldwin Effect slope and the ionization potential is not significant.
Uniform measurements of other large quasar samples will extend the luminosity
and redshift range of such spectral studies and provide even stronger tests of
spectral evolution.Comment: 16 pages, Latex, emulateapj style, including 3 tables and 6 figures.
Accepted April 02, 2001 for publication in ApJ Main Journal. See also
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~pgreen/Papers.htm
FUSE Observations of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Arakelian 564
We present a 63 ks FUSE observation of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy
Arakelian 564. The spectrum is dominated by the strong emission in the O VI
\lambda\lambda1032, 1038 resonance doublet. Strong, heavily saturated
absorption troughs due to Lyman series of Hydrogen, O VI and C III \lambda 977
at velocities near the systemic redshift of Arakelian564 are also observed. We
used the column densities of O VI and C III in conjunction with the published
column densities of species observed in the UV and X-ray bands to derive
constraints on the physical parameters of the absorber through photoionization
modeling. The available data suggest that the UV and X-ray absorbers in
Arakelian~564 are physically related, and possibly identical. The combination
of constraints indicates that the absorber is characterized by a narrow range
in total column density N_H and U, centered at log N_H ~ 21 and log U ~ -1.5,
and may be spatially extended along the line of sight.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal, LaTeX emulateapj.st
SDSS J094533.99+100950.1 - the remarkable weak emission line quasar
Weak emission line quasars are a rare and puzzling group of objects. In this
paper we present one more object of this class found in the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey (SDSS). The quasar SDSS J094533.99+100950.1, lying at z = 1.66, has
practically no C IV emission line, a red continuum very similar to the second
steepest of the quasar composite spectra of Richards et al., is not strongly
affected by absorption and the Mg II line, although relatively weak, is strong
enough to measure the black hole mass. The Eddington ratio in this object is
about 0.45, and the line properties are not consistent with the trends expected
at high accretion rates. We propose that the most probable explanation of the
line properties in this object, and perhaps in all weak emission line quasars,
is that the quasar activity has just started. A disk wind is freshly launched
so the low ionization lines which form close to the disk surface are already
observed but the wind has not yet reached the regions where high ionization
lines or narrow line components are formed. The relatively high occurrence of
such a phenomenon may additionally indicate that the quasar active phase
consists of several sub-phases, each starting with a fresh build-up of the
Broad Line Region.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables; accepted for publication in MNRA
[OII] Emission, Eigenvector 1 and Orientation in Radio-quiet Quasars
We present supportive evidence that the Boroson and Green eigenvector 1 is
not driven by source orientation. Until recently it was generally accepted that
eigenvector 1 does not depend on orientation as it strongly correlates with
[OIII]5007 emission, thought to be an isotropic property. However, recent
studies of radio-loud AGN have questioned the isotropy of [OIII] emission and
concluded that [OII]3727 emission is isotropic. In this paper we investigate
the relation between eigenvector 1 and [OII] emission in radio-quiet BQS
(Bright Quasar Survey) quasars, and readdress the issue of orientation as the
driver of eigenvector 1. We find significant correlations between eigenvector 1
and orientation independent [OII] emission, which implies that orientation does
not drive eigenvector 1. The luminosities and equivalent widths of [OIII] and
[OII] correlate with one another, and the range in luminosities and equivalent
widths is similar. This suggests that the radio-quiet BQS quasars are largely
free of orientation dependent dust effects and ionization dependent effects in
the narrow-line region. We also conclude that neither the [OIII] emission nor
the [OII]/[OIII] ratio are dependent on orientation in our radio-quiet BQS
quasar sample, contrary to recent results found for radio-loud quasars.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Constraints for the accretion disk evaporation rate in AGN from the existence of the Broad Line Region
We analyze the consequences of the hypothesis that the formation of the Broad
Line Region is intrinsically connected with the existence of the cold accretion
disk. We assume that the Broad Line Region radius is well estimated by the
formula of Kaspi et al. (2000). We consider three models of the disappearance
of the inner disk which limit the existence of the Broad Line Region: (i)
classical ADAF approach, i.e. the inner hot flow develops whenever it can exist
(ii) disk evaporation model of Meyer & Meyer-Hofmeister (2002) (iii)
generalized disk evaporation model of Rozanska & Czerny (2000b). For each of
the models, we determine the minimum value of the Eddington ratio and the
maximum value of the broad line widths as functions of the viscosity parameter
alpha and the magnetic field parameter beta. We compare the predicted parameter
space with observations of several AGN. Weak dependence of the maximum value of
the FWHM and minimum value of the Eddington ratio on the black hole mass in our
sample is noticeable. It seems to favor the description of the cold disk/hot
inner flow transition as in the classical ADAF approach than with the model of
disk evaporation due to conduction between the disk and accreting corona.Comment: A&A, 428, 39 (2004
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