Über welche Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme verfügt die Europäische Union im Rahmen der euro-mediterranen Partnerschaft im Nahen Osten und Nordafrika?:Mögliche Zukunftsszenarien für die MENA-Region im Jahr 2015

Die Europäische Union (EU) wird durch die Eingliederung der Mittelmeerstaaten Zypern und Malta ein wenig mediterraner, was Brüssel hoffentlich für diese Region etwas mehr zu sensibilisieren vermag. Dies erscheint angebracht, denn die in Zukunft maßgebenden Problematiken und Risiken für die Stabilität Europas und seines Umfeldes sind bewiesener Maßen eher aus dem Süden als aus dem Osten zu erwarten. Die Mittelmeerregion wird mittel- bis langfristig vielleicht sogar für die EU von herausragender sicherheits- wie wirtschaftspolitischer Bedeutung sein und mannigfaltige Arenen politischer Dimension generieren. In Anlehnung an den griechischen Philosophen Perikles, der erkannte, dass es nicht darauf ankommt, die Zukunft zu kennen, sondern eher auf sie vorbereitet zu sein, ist es nicht nur das Ziel der Dissertation, die wirtschafts- und sicherheitspolitische Zukunft der Region zu beschreiben, sondern ebenfalls zu verdeutlichen, was und wie viel gegenwärtig auf dem Spiel steht

Subarachnoid hemorrhage following uneventful thyroid orbital decompression

A 24-year-old woman developed subarachnoid hemorrhage and left frontal lobe ischemia following uneventful right transconjunctival orbital decompression for thyroid-related immune orbitopathy. CT, MRI, CT angiography, and carotid angiography confirmed subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain ischemia on the left side without any cerebral vascular abnormalities on either side. All tests were unremarkable. She fully recovered at last follow-up, 4 months after surgery. We did not find any reason for the subarachnoid hemorrhage and left frontal lobe ischemia. This complication should be considered after orbital surgery for patients with thyroid-related immune orbitopathy. ©2007The American Society of Opthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc

The potential and shortcomings of mitochondrial DNA analysis for cheetah conservation management

There are only about 7,100 adolescent and adult cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) remaining in the wild. With the majority occurring outside protected areas, their numbers are rapidly declining. Evidence-based conservation measures are essential for the survival of this species. Genetic data is routinely used to inform conservation strategies, e.g., by establishing conservation units (CU). A commonly used marker in conservation genetics is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Here, we investigated the cheetah’s phylogeography using a large-scale mtDNA data set to refine subspecies distributions and better assign individuals to CUs. Our dataset mostly consisted of historic samples to cover the cheetah’s whole range as the species has been extinct in most of its former distribution. While our genetic data largely agree with geography-based subspecies assignments, several geographic regions show conflicting mtDNA signals. Our analyses support previous findings that evolutionary forces such as incomplete lineage sorting or mitochondrial capture likely confound the mitochondrial phylogeography of this species, especially in East and, to some extent, in Northeast Africa. We caution that subspecies assignments solely based on mtDNA should be treated carefully and argue for an additional standardized nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker set for subspecies identification and monitoring. However, the detection of the A. j. soemmeringii specific haplogroup by a newly designed Amplification-Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) can already provide support for conservation measures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of the view points of undergraduate students about food hygiene course in School of Public Health of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Food hygiene Is one of the main courses offered by schools of public health. The purpose of this study was to investigate under graduate students’ view point about food hygiene course thought in the School of Public Health of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, One hundred thirty students who enrolled in the food hygiene course, participated. The questionnaire consisted of five parts including: demographics, educational planning, educational facilities, food hygiene course topics and effectiveness in improving student’s knowledge Data were analyzed by SPSS software V. 18. Results: of the participants expressed their high priority for practical units of this course (3.79 ± 1.06) and their wants for visiting centers of food production and distribution have to improve their learning (4.51 ± 0.83). Also use of instructional videos found very effective (4.36 ± 0.79). Students agreed to change some parts of the curriculum with new topics and stated that this course will be highly effective in their future professional competency (4.03 ± 0.95). Conclusion: According to the results, general revision of this course and adding practical units to it, will address their needs and improve their professional competency

Evaluating the Effect of Electron-Beam Irradiation on Linguatula serrata Destroy Isolated from Animal Products and Determining its Effective Dose

Abstract Introduction: Foodborne parasitic diseases are considered common in most parts of the world, which can cause significant health problems. Linguatula serrata is a zoonotic parasite causing human linguatulosis due to consumption of raw and semi-cooked animal offal infected with nymphs of this parasite. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the effect of Electron beam irradiation on death of the Linguatula serrata nymphs isolated from animal products. Methods: Linguatula serrata nymphs were irradiated with E-beam irradiation of 1, 2, 3 and 5 kGy doses )15 nymphs were classified into three groups of 5 for each dose). Death time of the nymphs was recorded by examining their movement under a stereomicroscope and then was compared with that of the control group stored at 4 °C. In order to analyze the study data, T-test and ANOVA were utilized setting the significance level at 0.05. Results: The comparison between treatment and control groups demonstrated a statistically significant difference in death time of the nymphs (P 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the doses of 1, 2 and 3 kGy with dose of 5 kGy (P 0.05) in regard with their lethality speed. The results showed that minimum destruction dose of Linguatula serrata nymphs was 1 kGy and 5 KGy , resulted in a more rapidly death within the nymphs. Conclusion: Regarding the high sensitivity of Linguatula serrata nymphs to E-beam irradiation, this method can be used to enhance the safety of animal products in future

Large regional disparities in prevalence, management and reimbursement of hospital undernutrition.

Undernutrition is a frequent condition among hospitalized patients, with a significant impact on patient's outcome and hospital costs. Whether undernutrition is reported similarly at the national level has seldom been assessed. We aimed to (1) assess regional differences within Switzerland regarding undernutrition prevalence, management, and cost reimbursement and (2) identify the factors associated with reporting of undernutrition status and its management. Observational cross-sectional study including routine statistics from the Swiss hospital discharge databases for years 2013 and 2014 (seven administrative regions). All adults aged ≥20 with length of hospital stay of at least 1 day was included. Reported undernutrition was defined based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes. Nutritional management and "reimbursable" undernutrition codes were also assessed. Of the initial 1,784,855 hospitalizations, 3.6% had reported undernutrition, the prevalence ranging between 1.8% (Ticino) and 4.6% (Mittelland). Use of different undernutrition-related ICD-10 codes also varied considerably across regions. Multivariable analysis showed a twofold variation in reported undernutrition: multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval relative to Eastern Switzerland: 2.31 (2.23, 2.38) for Mittelland and 0.74 (0.70, 0.79) for Ticino. Over half (59.6%) of hospitalizations with reported undernutrition also included information on undernutrition management, ranging between 28.6% (Ticino) and 67.2% (Zürich). Only one third (36.8%) of undernutrition-related codes were reimbursable, ranging between 8.3% (Ticino) and 50.7% (Zürich). In Switzerland, there is considerable regional variation regarding reporting of undernutrition prevalence, management, and cost reimbursement. Undernutrition appears to be insufficiently managed and valued