Metabolic control and bone health in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk, yet the etiologies remain elusive. Early detection of derangements in bone biomarkers during adolescence could lead to timely recognition. In adolescents with T1D, we evaluated the relationships between metabolic control, BMD, and bone anabolic and turnover markers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cross-sectional study of 57 adolescent subjects with T1D who had HbA1c consistently ≥ 9% (Poor Control, PC n = 27) or < 9% (Favorable Control, FC n = 30) for two years prior to enrollment. Subjects had T1DM for at least three years and were without diabetes complications, known celiac disease, or other chronic diseases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no differences between HbA1c groups in BMD, components of the IGF system, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D status. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D abnormalities was similar to that seen in the general adolescent population. Few patients met the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin D or calcium.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data provide no evidence of association between degree of metabolic control and BMD in adolescents with T1D. Adolescents with T1D have a high prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D abnormalities. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the predictive value of vitamin D abnormalities on fracture risk.</p

Surface Treatments for Inkjet Printing onto a PTFE-Based Substrate for High Frequency Applications

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in the journal Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research [copyright © American Chemical Society] after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie4006639Inkjet printing onto laminates for use in high frequency applications (high frequency laminates) is challenging, due to the substrate surface roughness present after etching away the copper layer(s). This has a detrimental effect on interconnect losses as the frequency increases. In this paper, different surface treatments to reduce the surface roughness of a typical high frequency laminate (RO3006) are investigated. In particular, the importance of matching the substrate surface energy to the ink to achieve a smooth coated layer for the case of a UV cured insulator is demonstrated. This is achievable within the parameters of heating the platen, which is a more flexible approach compared to modifying the ink to improve the ink-substrate interaction. In printing onto the surface modified substrates, the substrate roughness was observed to affect the printed line width significantly. A surface roughness factor was introduced to take into account the phenomenon by modifying the original formula of Smith et al. Lastly, the authors show that the printed line widths are also influenced by the surface tension arising from charges present on the surface modified substrates

EnergyPlus model-based predictive control within design–build–operate energy information modelling infrastructure

This study proposes a design–build–operate energy information modelling (DBO-EIM) infrastructure to allow users to deploy the design-stage building energy model for model predictive control (MPC) system in the building operation. A newly constructed office building is studied as a test bed. An EnergyPlus model-based predictive control (EPMPC) system is designed and simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment within the DBO-EIM infrastructure. EPMPC aims at minimizing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning energy consumption while maintaining occupant thermal comfort. Compared to the baseline rule-based control system, EPMPC demonstrates a 28.9% energy reduction in one-week simulation in the heating season and 2.7% energy reduction in one-week simulation in the cooling season. The comfort constraint is met during more than 90% of the simulated hours. The study demonstrates one significant contribution of the DBO-EIM infrastructure that a design-stage EnergyPlus model can be integrated in an MPC system and the preliminary simulation results are satisfactory

A novel TMPRSS3 missense mutation in a DFNB8/10 family prevents proteolytic activation of the protein.

Item does not contain fulltextPathogenic mutations in TMPRSS3, which encodes a transmembrane serine protease, cause non-syndromic deafness DFNB8/10. Missense mutations map in the low density-lipoprotein receptor A (LDLRA), scavenger-receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR), and protease domains of the protein, indicating that all domains are important for its function. TMPRSS3 undergoes proteolytic cleavage and activates the ENaC sodium channel in a Xenopus oocyte model system. To assess the importance of this gene in non-syndromic childhood or congenital deafness in Turkey, we screened for mutations affected members of 25 unrelated Turkish families. The three families with the highest LOD score for linkage to chromosome 21q22.3 were shown to harbor P404L, R216L, or Q398X mutations, suggesting that mutations in TMPRSS3 are a considerable contributor to non-syndromic deafness in the Turkish population. The mutant TMPRSS3 harboring the novel R216L missense mutation within the predicted cleavage site of the protein fails to undergo proteolytic cleavage and is unable to activate ENaC, thus providing evidence that pre-cleavage of TMPRSS3 is mandatory for normal function