Automatic cross-sectioning and monitoring system locates defects in electronic devices

System consists of motorized grinding and lapping apparatus, sample holder, and electronic control circuit. Low power microscope examines device to pinpoint location of circuit defect, and monitor displays output signal when defect is located exactly

Modifications at the C-Terminus To Improve Pyrrole−Imidazole Polyamide Activity in Cell Culture

Pyrrole−imidazole (Py-Im) hairpin polyamides are a class of small molecule DNA minor groove binding compounds that have been shown to modulate endogenous gene expression in cell culture. Gene regulation by polyamides requires efficient cellular uptake and nuclear localization properties for candidate compounds. To further optimize Py-Im polyamides for enhanced potency in cell culture, a focused library of polyamides possessing various modifications at the C-terminus was synthesized and tested. Comparison of polyamide biological activity in two cell lines revealed tolerance for structural modifications and agreement in activity trends between cell lines. The use of an oxime linkage between the polyamide and an aromatic functionality on the C-terminus resulted in a ~20-fold increase in the potency of polyamides targeted to the androgen response element (ARE) in LNCaP cells by measuring AR-activated PSA expression

Fibrational induction rules for initial algebras

This paper provides an induction rule that can be used to prove properties of data structures whose types are inductive, i.e., are carriers of initial algebras of functors. Our results are semantic in nature and are inspired by Hermida and Jacobs’ elegant algebraic formulation of induction for polynomial data types. Our contribution is to derive, under slightly different assumptions, an induction rule that is generic over all inductive types, polynomial or not. Our induction rule is generic over the kinds of properties to be proved as well: like Hermida and Jacobs, we work in a general fibrational setting and so can accommodate very general notions of properties on inductive types rather than just those of particular syntactic forms. We establish the correctness of our generic induction rule by reducing induction to iteration. We show how our rule can be instantiated to give induction rules for the data types of rose trees, finite hereditary sets, and hyperfunctions. The former lies outside the scope of Hermida and Jacobs’ work because it is not polynomial; as far as we are aware, no induction rules have been known to exist for the latter two in a general fibrational framework. Our instantiation for hyperfunctions underscores the value of working in the general fibrational setting since this data type cannot be interpreted as a set

Presence of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in Wild Small Mammals on Organic Farms

The presence of Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in rodents and insectivores (n 282) was investigated on organic farms. Infections were encountered in house mice (8 of 83 Campylobacter positive and 1 of 83 Salmonella sp. strain Livingstone positive) and brown rats (1 of 8 Campylobacter positive) but not in other species. No shared Campylobacter genotypes were found between rodent and pig manure isolates. Effective on-farm rodent management is recommended

Single Photon Source Using Laser Pulses and Two-Photon Absorption

We have previously shown that two-photon absorption (TPA) and the quantum Zeno effect can be used to make deterministic quantum logic devices from an otherwise linear optical system. Here we show that this type of quantum Zeno gate can be used with additional two-photon absorbing media and weak laser pulses to make a heralded single photon source. A source of this kind is expected to have a number of practical advantages that make it well suited for large scale quantum information processing applications

Quotient-Comprehension Chains

Quotients and comprehension are fundamental mathematical constructions that can be described via adjunctions in categorical logic. This paper reveals that quotients and comprehension are related to measurement, not only in quantum logic, but also in probabilistic and classical logic. This relation is presented by a long series of examples, some of them easy, and some also highly non-trivial (esp. for von Neumann algebras). We have not yet identified a unifying theory. Nevertheless, the paper contributes towards such a theory by introducing the new quotient-and-comprehension perspective on measurement instruments, and by describing the examples on which such a theory should be built.Comment: In Proceedings QPL 2015, arXiv:1511.0118

Instrument continuously measures density of flowing fluids

Electromechanical densitometer continuously measures the densities of either single-phase or two-phase flowing cryogenic fluids. Measurement is made on actual flow. The instrument operates on the principle that the mass of any vibrating system is a primary factor in determining the dynamic characteristics of the system