Continued development of a detailed model of arc discharge dynamics

Using a previously developed set of codes (SEMC, CASCAD, ACORN), a parametric study was performed to quantify the parameters which describe the development of a single electron indicated avalanche into a negative tip streamer. The electron distribution function in Teflon is presented for values of the electric field in the range of four-hundred million volts/meter to four billon volts/meter. A formulation of the scattering parameters is developed which shows that the transport can be represented by three independent variables. The distribution of ionization sites is used to indicate an avalanche. The self consistent evolution of the avalanche is computed over the parameter range of scattering set

Lake Michigan Salmonid Stocking Costs in Wisconsin

The costs of stocking salmonids in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan are estimated for 1985. Estimation procedures and costs per stocked and captured fish are presented. Fingerlings of a species were found in most cases to cost more per captured fish than yearlings. However chinook salmon fingerlings were least expensive at an average cost of only $0.35 per captured fish. Most expensive were brook yearlings and fingerlings at$12.67 and $10.14 respectively. While a full policy evaluation awaits additional research on species specific benefits, three tentative conclusions can be drawn for the Wisconsin fishery. First, the role of brook trout in the fishery should be reviewed. Second, despite difficulties with lake trout rehabilitation, the role of lake trout in the sport fishery is encouraging and may justify continued stocking. Finally, increased stocking of the popular chinook salmon may be justified if the recent problems of low capture-per-release rates can be solved.restocking costs, benefit-cost methodology, sport fisheries, salmonids, Lake Michigan, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Caregivers' experiences with the new family‐centred paediatric physiotherapy programme COPCA : a qualitative study

Caregivers' experiences during early intervention of their infant with special needs have consequences for their participation in the intervention. Hence, it is vital to understand caregivers' view. This study explored caregivers' experiences with the family-centred early intervention programme "COPing with and CAring for infants with special needs" (COPCA)

A Catalog of Background Stars Reddened by Dust in the Taurus Dark Clouds

Normal field stars located behind dense clouds are a valuable resource in interstellar astrophysics, as they provide continua in which to study phenomena such as gas-phase and solid-state absorption features, interstellar extinction and polarization. This paper reports the results of a search for highly reddened stars behind the Taurus Dark Cloud complex. We use the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) Point Source Catalog to survey a 50 sq deg area of the cloud to a limiting magnitude of K = 10.0. Photometry in the 1.2-2.2 micron passbands from 2MASS is combined with photometry at longer infrared wavelengths (3.6-12 micron) from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite to provide effective discrimination between reddened field stars and young stellar objects (YSOs) embedded in the cloud. Our final catalog contains 248 confirmed or probable background field stars, together with estimates of their total visual extinctions, which span the range 2-29 mag. We also identify the 2MASS source J04292083+2742074 (IRAS 04262+2735) as a previously unrecognized candidate YSO, based on the presence of infrared emission greatly in excess of that predicted for a normal reddened photosphere at wavelengths >5 microns

Oscillons: an encounter with dynamical chaos in 1953?

We present evidences that Ben F. Laposky (1914-2000) might have been the first person who created a family of nonlinear analog circuits that allowed him to observe chaotic attractors and other trademarks of nonlinear science as early as 1953.Comment: accepted to Chao

Concept and optical design of the cross-disperser module for CRIRES

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Oliva, Ernesto, A. Tozzi, D. Ferruzzi, L. Origlia, A. Hatzes, R. Follert, T. Loewinger et al. "Concept and optical design of the cross-disperser module for CRIRES+." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes+ Instrumentation, pp. 91477R-91477R. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014, which has been published in final form at 10.1117/12.2054381

Cocoa variety assessment in on-farm progeny trials in Cameroon

In Cameroon, IRAD and CIRAD have collaboratively set up and implemented a participatory breeding program since 2006, consisting in the assessment of cocoa varieties under cocoa farm conditions. The present communication describes the results obtained so far on progenies compared in three progeny trials set up in 2006 and 2007. The first trial, set up in 2006, is composed of 12 trial plots, and allows the comparative assessment of nine progenies which are currently released to farmers. Data analyses performed on yield and establishment ability showed high performances for the progeny issued from the cross IMC 67 * SNK 109 and low performances for the one issued from the cross T 79/501 * SNK 64. Data analyses performed on mirid damage scores revealed a higher level of susceptibility for the progeny issued from the cross IMC 67 * SNK 109 and a lower one for the progenies issued from the crosses T 79/501 * SNK 64 and IMC 67 * SNK 64. The assessed progenies showed a mean weight of one bean of dried cocoa ranging between 1,17g (SCA 12 * SNK 16) and 1,52g (SNK 109 * IMC 67). The second progeny trial, set up in 2006, composed of four trial plots, allows the comparison between 16 cocoa progenies, issued from: commercially released progenies, progenies recently created at IRAD, progenies issued from on farm selection of promising trees. Data analyses show a higher level of yield for the commercially released progenies and a lower level for progenies issued from on farm selection. Data analyses of tolerance to Phytophthora megakarya, assessed using a leaf inoculation test showed a slightly higher level of tolerance for the progenies recently created at IRAD. The third trial set up in 2007, is composed of six trial plots and allows the comparison between eight progenies: one recently created at IRAD, three commercially released progenies, two issued from on farm selection of promising trees, two issued from trees chosen at random in cocoa farms set up with traditional (german cocoa) or commercial cocoa progenies. Data analyses show a high level of yield for the progeny recently created at IRAD (T 60/887 * POUND 7) and a low level for the progeny issued from traditional varieties (german cocoa). (Résumé d'auteur

A problem-solving approach to pastoral care with emphasis on the social context of Christian ministry

This thesis presents a new approach to pastoral care called problem-solving. Part I begins with a discussion of the nature and purpose of pastoral ministry; then looks at methods of care in the field of social work practice. Problem-solving is discussed as a comprehensive and flexible model for pastoral care; a process that can be adapted to work with individuals, groups, and the community at large, and thereby a means of expressing the social concerns of the Christian Gospel.Part II presents a theory of human behaviour for interpreting and explaining problems encountered in ministry. The theory is the product of an interdisciplinary approach which correlates insights from systematic theology with insights from the social and psychological sciences. Two fundamental units of interaction, the human relationship and the social transaction, are examined in the theological perspective. Several diagnostic tools are presented for analysing problem situations in social and theological context.Part III sketches in broad outline a program for pastoral ministry that integrates the three generic methods of social work practice: casework, group work, and community work into one comprehensive approach to pastoral care. In distinction from Part II, here is a theory about how behaviour can be changed or modified in the act of care — it is, in other words, practice theory. Illustrations and examples are provided which are based on my experience as a minister and community worker in the city of Glasgow.Part IV discusses the writings of three major pastoral theologians: Eduard Thurneysen, Thomas Oden, and Seward Hiltner. The work of each author is presented and then critiqued in regards to methodology, knowledge base, practice theory, and theological frame of reference The preference is for a methodology which encourages two-way dialogue and correlation between theology and the human sciences; a theory of human behaviour which includes insights from both psychology and the social sciences; a practice theory that can be adapted to human needs at different levels of social involvement; and a theological frame of reference which expresses the social dimensions of God's plan for the world. The purpose of this section is also to draw attention to a two-fold danger, commonly found in much of pastoral literature, of doing pastoral theology from a static, closed, and individualistic perspective or with no systematic theological frame of reference at all.Part V seeks to avoid this two-fold danger by adopting a new theological framework for pastoral ministry. Pastoral care is described as a ministry of word-in-deed in response to a theological understanding of God's Word as God's deeds in the midst of human events Attention is directed to the importance and purpose of the "world" in God's redemptive plan and the Church is described as an instrument of God's mission to the world. The aims and goals of pastoral care are discussed in the context of the Kingdom of God and problem-solving is seen as a mode of preparation; a way of becoming intentional about the demands of Christian ministry. This section completes the search for a new frame of reference by offering a theology of the Word which is dynamic in perspective and social in scope