419 research outputs found
Nucleation in scale-free networks
We have studied nucleation dynamics of the Ising model in scale-free networks
with degree distribution by using forward flux sampling
method, focusing on how the network topology would influence the nucleation
rate and pathway. For homogeneous nucleation, the new phase clusters grow from
those nodes with smaller degree, while the cluster sizes follow a power-law
distribution. Interestingly, we find that the nucleation rate decays
exponentially with the network size , and accordingly the critical nucleus
size increases linearly with , implying that homogeneous nucleation is not
relevant in the thermodynamic limit. These observations are robust to the
change of and also present in random networks. In addition, we have
also studied the dynamics of heterogeneous nucleation, wherein impurities
are initially added, either to randomly selected nodes or to targeted ones with
largest degrees. We find that targeted impurities can enhance the nucleation
rate much more sharply than random ones. Moreover, scales as and for targeted and
random impurities, respectively. A simple mean field analysis is also present
to qualitatively illustrate above simulation results.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Symmetric linear multistep methods for second-order differential equations with periodic solutions
Symmetric linear multistep methods for second-order differential equations with periodic solutions
Sensory processing in young children with visual impairments:Use and extension of the Sensory Profile
Background: Children with visual impairments (VI) are at risk for sensory processing difficulties. A widely used measure for sensory processing is the Sensory Profile (SP). However, the SP requires adaptation to accommodate for how children with VI experience sensory information. Aims: (1) To examine sensory processing patterns in young children with VI, (2) to develop VI-specific items to use in conjunction with the SP and to determine internal consistency and construct validity of these newly developed items, and (3) to examine the association between sensory processing and and emotional and behavioral problems. Methods: Twenty-six VI-specific items were added to the SP. The SP and these items were completed by caregivers of 90 children with VI between 3 and 8 years old. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess emotional and behavioral problems. Results: Three- to five-year-old children with VI have significantly more difficulties in three quadrants of the SP as compared to the norm group. Six- to eight-year-old children with VI have more difficulties in all quadrants. A reliable and valid VI-specific set of 15 items was established following psychometric evaluation. Age-related differences were found in the associations between the SP and CBCL. Conclusion: Although further validation is recommended, this evaluation of the VI-specific item set suggests it has the potential to be a useful measure for children with VI
Defining DIOS and constipation in cystic fibrosis: a multicenter study on the incidence characteristics and treatment of DIOS
Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder and nephrotic-range proteinuria due to venous vasculitis in Behçet's disease
Behçet's disease (BD) is an autoinflammatory disease with multifactorial and polygenic etiology, potentially involving arteries and veins of any size resulting in variable vessel vasculitis. We report a case of an Iranian male who presented with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder due to venous vasculitis as initial manifestation of BD. Despite immunosuppression, anticoagulation and venous recanalization, he subsequently developed severe nephrotic-range proteinuria mimicking a primary renal disease which was completely and immediately ameliorated by stenting of the vena cava. This demonstrates that the proteinuria was caused by increased intraglomerular pressure due to venous outflow obstruction as a consequence of venous vasculitis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of massive proteinuria caused by venous obstruction of the caval vein in the context of BD. Altogether, this case demonstrates the extensive spectrum of vascular disease in BD.</p
Explanations for medically unexplained symptoms:a qualitative study on GPs in daily practice consultations
BACKGROUND: General practice is the centre of care for patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Providing explanations for MUS, i.e. making sense of symptoms, is considered to be an important part of care for MUS patients. However, little is known how general practitioners (GPs) do this in daily practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore how GPs explain MUS to their patients during daily general practice consultations. METHODS: A thematic content analysis was performed of how GPs explained MUS to their patients based on 39 general practice consultations involving patients with MUS. RESULTS: GP provided explanations in nearly all consultations with MUS patients. Seven categories of explanation components emerged from the data: defining symptoms, stating causality, mentioning contributing factors, describing mechanisms, excluding explanations, discussing the severity of symptoms and normalizing symptoms. No pattern of how GPs constructed explanations with the various categories was observed. In general, explanations were communicated as a possibility and in a patient-specific way; however, they were not very detailed. CONCLUSION: Although explanations for MUS are provided in most MUS consultations, there seems room for improving the explanations given in these consultations. Further studies on the effectiveness of explanations and on the interaction between patients and GP in constructing these explanations are required in order to make MUS explanations more suitable in daily primary care practice
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