1,524 research outputs found

    Do routinely measured risk factors for obesity explain the sex gap in its prevalence? Observations from Saudi Arabia.

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    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adult obesity is higher in women than men in most countries. However, the pathways that link female sex with excess obesity are still not fully understood. We examine whether socioeconomic and behavioural factors may mediate the association between sex and obesity in the Saudi Arabian setting where there is female excess in obesity. METHODS: We performed a mediation analysis using a cross-sectional, national household survey from Saudi Arabia with 4758 participants (51% female). A series of multivariable regression models were fitted to test if socioeconomic position, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and smoking mediate the association between sex and obesity (BMI >=30). The findings were confirmed using causal mediation analysis. RESULTS: Women in this sample were roughly twice as likely as men to be obese (crude OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.6-2.3). The odds ratio remained significantly higher for women compared to men in models testing for mediation (OR range 1.95-2.06). Our data suggest that indicators of socio-economic position, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and smoking do not mediate the sex differences in obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis shows that most commonly measured risk factors for obesity do not explain the sex differences in its prevalence in the Saudi context. Further research is needed to understand what might explain the female excess in obesity prevalence. We discuss how data related to the lived experience of Saudi men and women may tap into underlying mechanisms by which the sex difference in obesity prevalence are produced

    Energy Sufficiency of Feed Containing Fermented Mulberry Leaves (Morus alba) Determined by measurement of Glucose, Abdominal Fat and Feed Intake

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    This study was conducted to determine the effect of using rumen liquid fermented mulberry leaves in boiler???s diet on feed consumption, blood glucose, and abdominal fat. This research used 100 of day old CP 707 broiler chicks, as well as concentrate, fermented mulberry leaves and other feed stuffs. The experiment was carried out according to completely randomized design consisted of five treatments, i.e. T0 (control), T1 (10% mulberry leaf), T2 (10% fermented mulberry leaf), T3 (20% mulberry leaf) and T4 (20% fermented mulberry leaf) and four replications for each treatment. Result of the study showed that the increasing use of mulberry leaves, either fermented or unfermented, significantly (P<0.05) increased feed consumption compared to control. Treatment with 20% unfermented murlberry leaf significantly (P<0.05) decreased fat and glucose levels. This study concludes that 20% murlberry used in diet decrease energy density of diet and the use of 10% fermented mulberry leaf produced better results than unfermented

    Kinerja Jati Asal Muna Pada Plot Uji Klon Jati Di Empat Lokasi

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    The research was conducted to evaluate the growth of teak clone (Tectona grandis L.f.) taken from land race population at Muna Island in South East Sulawesi. The trials were planted in 2002 – 2005 in 4 locations as follows: Kemampo (South Sumatera), Kotabaru (South Kalimantan), Gunung Kidul (Yogyakarta) and Wonogiri (Central Java). The growth of teak clones from Muna at 5 years old in 4 locations was as followed: the average of total height (9,98 m, 13,11 m, 7,46 m and 9,37m), diameter/DBH (11,09 cm, 12,80 cm, 7,87 cm and 13,24 cm) and tree volume estimation (0,0624 m3, 0,117 m3, 0,028 m3 and 0,099 m3). The growth performances of teak clone from Muna were stable at middle position in all locations. The best growth was gained in Kotabaru and the lowest in in Gunung Kidul

    The Effectivity of Fermented Mulberry Leaves with Rumen Liquor as Broiler Feed on Final Body Weight, Dry Matter and Crude Fiber Digestibility, and Metabolic Energy

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    . Objective of this research was to know the effect of fermented mulberry leaves by rumen liquorin boiler's diet measured from final body weight, dry matter digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, and metabolic energy. One hundred broiler strain CP 707, broiler concentrate, mulberry leaves and other feed stuffs were administered in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely T0 (control), T1 (10% mulberry leaves), T2 (10% fermented mulberry leaves), T3 (20% mulberry leaves) and T4 (20% fermented mulberry leaves) with 4 replications. Result revealed that the increasing use of mulberry leaves had significantly lowered final body weight, dry matter and fiber digestibility, metabolic energy. Fermentation treatment at 10% level could increase dry matter digestibility, crude fiber and metabolic energy than those of unfermented. This study concluded that the increasing mulberry leaves in broiler feed could reduce feed digestibility, and fermentation by rumen liquor could optimize the use of mulberry leaves as broilers feed

    Analysis of standard DNA procedures on feathers of late 19th to late 20th century Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)

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    Species with well-documented demographic histories and well known perturbations to gene flow provide good models for understanding how historic events impact contemporary population genetic structure1,2. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus), a marine bird-of-prey, experienced steep declines after widespread organochloride pesticide (e.g. DDT) use in the mid-twentieth century 3, however, population genetic consequences remain unknown. Use of historic specimens can aid population genetic studies4,5, however, these samples can degrade over time impacting quantity and quality of extracted DNA5. We compared the concentrations of extracted DNA of Osprey feathers from museum and research collections to those of contemporary samples collected according to standard field collection protocols

    Analisis Kelayakan USAha Burung Puyuh Petelur (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Di Kelurahan Tebing Tinggi Okura Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru

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    Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Menganalisis kelayakan USAha ternak burung puyuh petelur di Kelurahan Tebing Tinggi Okura Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir Kota Pekanbaru, yaitu ditinjau dari aspek finansial kriteria investasi seperti NPV (Net Present Value), Net B/CR (Net Benefit Cost Rasio), IRR (Internal of Rate Return) dan PBP (Pay Back Period). (2) Menganalisis kelayakan USAha ternak puyuh ditinjau dari aspek BEP (Break Event Point). (3) Mengetahui permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi pada USAha Ternak Puyuh di Kelurahan Tebing Tinggi Okura Rumbai Pesisir. Manfaat Penelitian ini memberikan masukan kepada pengusaha ternak puyuh menganalisis USAha ternak puyuh dan juga memberikan masukan pada instansi terkait dalam pengembangan USAha ternak puyuh di masa mendatang. Hasil penelitian (1) Analisis kriteria investasi diperoleh nilai Net Present Value (NPV) Rp. 64.518.459, Internal Rate Return (IRR) 18,94%, Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C) 1,2. Dari ketiga analisis menunjukkan hasil USAha ternak Puyuh di Kelurahan Tebing Tinggi Okura layak untuk diusahakan dan Pay Back Period (PBP) 2 tahun 7 bulan 27 hari (2) Analisis kelayakan USAha ternak puyuh ditinjau dari aspek Break Event Point (BEP) dilihat dari jangka waktu adalah 5 tahun 2 bulan 8 hari, 3) Permasalahan yang dihadapi pengusaha ternak puyuh adalah pada saat terjadinya meningkatnya penawaran meningkat permintaan telur puyuh juga meningkat sehingga harga menjadi turun, biasanya terjadi pada bulan Ramadhan. Yang terjadi adalah kecendrungan menurunnya pendapatan
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