Baryon Number Flow in High-Energy Collisions

It is not obvious which partons in the proton carry its baryon number (BN). We present arguments that BN is associated with a specific topology of gluonic fields, rather than with the valence quarks. The BN distribution is easily confused with the difference between the quark and antiquark distributions. We argue, however, that they have quite different x-dependences. The distribution of BN asymmetry distribution is nearly constant at small x while q(x)-\bar q(x) \propto \sqrt{x}. This constancy of BN produces energy independence of the \bar pp annihilation cross section at high energies. Recent measurement of the baryon asymmetry at small x at HERA confirms this expectation. The BN asymmetry at mid-rapidities in heavy ion collisions is substantially enhanced by multiple interactions, as has been observed in recent experiments at the SPS. The same gluonic mechanism of BN stopping increases the production rate for cascade hyperons in a good accord with data. We expect nearly the same as at SPS amount of BN stopped in higher energy collisions at RHIC and LHC, which is, however, spread ove larger rapidity intervals.Comment: The estimated baryon stopping at RHIC is corrected in the Summar

Learning leadership for academic deans: Implications for leadership coaching

This paper is the result of a unique combination of PhD research and an intensive leadership coaching among Academic Deans and equivalent leadership roles within a university in the Middle East. Academic Deans have a complex ‘in between’ role. This level of complexity can create significant leadership and personal challenges. Coaching can offer an opportunity to enable these middle leaders to develop insights and strategies to cope with these challenges. However, a competent coach is not enough to work with the complexities of this group of people. A more flexible and adaptive coach is needed with a repertoire of skills and processes to draw upon to serve the needs of the coachees. Employing an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the study identified some key themes in the findings about the ways in which the Deans learned. These include developing a mindful, reflective and calm environment, learning preferences are associated with the subject disciplines of the Deans and learning by observation. Drawing on adult learning theory and the research data this paper explores the development of such a process framework and concludes that a competence based approach to coach develop is inadequate for the complexities of the task

Let\u27s Get Real: Weak Artificial Intelligence Has Free Speech Rights

The right to free speech is a strongly protected constitutional right under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court significantly expanded free speech protections for corporations in Citizens United v. FEC. This case prompted the question: could other nonhuman actors also be eligible for free speech protection under the First Amendment? This inquiry is no longer a mere intellectual exercise: sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) may soon be capable of producing speech. As such, there are novel and complex questions surrounding the application of the First Amendment to AI. Some commentators argue that AI should be granted free speech rights because AI speech may soon be sufficiently comparable to human speech. Others disagree and argue that First Amendment rights should not be extended to AI because there are traits in human speech that AI speech could not replicate. This Note explores the application of First Amendment jurisprudence to AI. Introducing relevant philosophical literature, this Note examines theories of human intelligence and decision-making in order to better understand the process that humans use to produce speech, and whether AI produces speech in a similar manner. In light of the legal and philosophical literature, as well as the Supreme Court’s current First Amendment jurisprudence, this Note proposes that some types of AI are eligible for free speech protection under the First Amendment

Alien Registration- Garvey, Walter B. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21828/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Garvey, Walter B. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21828/thumbnail.jp

Unlocking "lock-in" and path dependency: A review across disciplines and socio-environmental contexts

Introduced in the early 2000s, the concept of carbon “lock-in” has been widely adopted by think tanks, academics, and civil society trying to break away from the consequences of fossil-fuel induced carbon emissions and climate change. The concept has been instrumental to energy economic policy, energy transitions, and automobile transportation and urban mobility. It has parallels with “path dependency” across sectors, including water governance, fisheries, farmer tenure, and debt. Yet its use has also fallen short in applying it to nontechnical settings beyond infrastructure. In this review article, we argue that the “lock-in” concept is relevant to a much broader range of multi-scalar socio-environmental challenges to development. We expand lock-in to consider granular issues that tend to slip out of macro-level technological and institutional path dependencies, without falling into the ‘naturalizing trap’ in systems thinking. Broadening and re-engaging the concept of lock-in strengthens our analytical ability to address a range of structurally uneven environmental and societal lock-ins. © 2022 The Author(s